Turkmenistan -- Securities Classification Regulatory Overview
Methodology
AI-generated synthesis from web search results.
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RESEARCH: Turkmenistan Cryptocurrency and Digital Asset Securities Regulatory Requirements
Executive Summary
- Turkmenistan has enacted a new law establishing a legal framework for crypto mining and trading virtual assets, signaling a formal recognition of the sector as of early 2026 Turkmenistan: New Law Establishes Legal Framework for Crypto Mining and Trading Virtual Assets | Library of Congress
- The Financial Monitoring Service at the Ministry of Finance and Economy of Turkmenistan is the authorized state body for anti-money laundering and countering terrorist financing (AML/CFT), and would oversee AML compliance for any crypto-related activity Financial Monitoring Service at the Ministry of Finance and Economy of Turkmenistan
- The Ministry of Finance and Economy of Turkmenistan, together with the Ashgabat Stock Exchange, is actively working with the UNDP to develop the securities market regulatory framework, but no specific cryptocurrency or digital asset securities licensing regime has been publicly detailed Turkmenistan aims to develop its securities market
- No entities have been publicly confirmed as licensed to conduct cryptocurrency or digital asset securities activities in Turkmenistan; the practical reality is that the market is nascent and regulatory implementation is at an early stage Turkmenistan: New Law Establishes Legal Framework for Crypto Mining and Trading Virtual Assets | Library of Congress
Regulatory Framework
- The Financial Monitoring Service at the Ministry of Finance and Economy of Turkmenistan is designated as the authorized state body for prevention of laundering (legalization) of proceeds and financing of terrorism; it was established by Resolution of the President of Turkmenistan № 934 dated October 5, 2018 Financial Monitoring Service at the Ministry of Finance and Economy of Turkmenistan
- The Service is an administrative type of financial intelligence unit and operates under the legal basis of the Law of Turkmenistan "On Anti-Money Laundering and Combating the Financing of Terrorism," as well as the regulation of the Service approved by the Presidential Resolution dated October 5, 2018 Financial Monitoring Service at the Ministry of Finance and Economy of Turkmenistan
- The Service implements state policy in the sphere of combating money laundering and the financing of terrorism, coordinates national risk assessments, and acts as coordinator of technical assistance projects from foreign governments and international organizations Financial Monitoring Service at the Ministry of Finance and Economy of Turkmenistan
- The Service represents Turkmenistan in international organizations engaged in countering money laundering and terrorism financing, and manages the implementation of commitments arising from international treaties of Turkmenistan Financial Monitoring Service at the Ministry of Finance and Economy of Turkmenistan
- The Service implements international standards on countering the legalization of proceeds from crime and the financing of terrorism, as well as recommendations, guidance and decisions of the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) Financial Monitoring Service at the Ministry of Finance and Economy of Turkmenistan
- The Service maintains a list of countries with inadequate AML/CFT systems, taking into account documents published by FATF, and communicates this list to relevant state bodies Financial Monitoring Service at the Ministry of Finance and Economy of Turkmenistan
- The Ministry of Finance and Economy of Turkmenistan and the Ashgabat Stock Exchange are engaged in a joint project with the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) titled "Support to Strengthening Institutional and Regulatory Environment for Financial Markets Development" Turkmenistan aims to develop its securities market
- A three-day seminar was held from January 20 to 24, 2025, for specialists from the Ministry of Finance and Economy and the Ashgabat Stock Exchange, covering "The Nature of the Securities Market and Its Role in Market Economies" and "International Standards and Best Practices in the Global Regulatory Architecture for Securities Markets" Turkmenistan aims to develop its securities market
- UNDP international and local experts held meetings with the Ministry of Finance and Economy and the Ashgabat Stock Exchange to further develop Turkmenistan's securities market by aligning it with international standards Turkmenistan aims to develop its securities market
- A new law has been enacted in Turkmenistan that establishes a legal framework for crypto mining and trading virtual assets, as reported by the Library of Congress Global Legal Monitor on February 12, 2026 Turkmenistan: New Law Establishes Legal Framework for Crypto Mining and Trading Virtual Assets | Library of Congress
Licensing Requirements
- A new law in Turkmenistan establishes a legal framework for crypto mining and trading virtual assets, but the specific licensing requirements, application procedures, and capital thresholds have not been publicly detailed in the available sources Turkmenistan: New Law Establishes Legal Framework for Crypto Mining and Trading Virtual Assets | Library of Congress
- The Financial Monitoring Service has the authority to define a threshold amount for transactions that are stipulated in the Law of Turkmenistan "On Combating the Legalization of Proceeds from Crime and the Financing of Terrorism" and are subject to mandatory control, which would apply to any licensed crypto entities Financial Monitoring Service at the Ministry of Finance and Economy of Turkmenistan
- The Service is empowered to approve training programs for reporting entities, organize courses, define professional requirements for their employees, and organize training in Turkmenistan and abroad Financial Monitoring Service at the Ministry of Finance and Economy of Turkmenistan
- No entities have been publicly confirmed as licensed to conduct cryptocurrency mining, virtual asset trading, or digital asset securities activities in Turkmenistan; zero licenses appear to have been publicly granted as of the date of the available sources Turkmenistan: New Law Establishes Legal Framework for Crypto Mining and Trading Virtual Assets | Library of Congress
- The securities market regulatory framework in Turkmenistan is still under development, as evidenced by the January 2025 UNDP-supported seminar focused on international standards and best practices for securities market regulation, indicating no mature licensing regime exists yet for digital asset securities Turkmenistan aims to develop its securities market
AML/KYC Requirements
- The Financial Monitoring Service at the Ministry of Finance and Economy of Turkmenistan collects and processes information on operations (transactions) with monetary funds and other assets subject to mandatory control Financial Monitoring Service at the Ministry of Finance and Economy of Turkmenistan
- The Service conducts analysis of received information in accordance with established procedures and coordinates activities of state bodies in the field of combating the legalization of proceeds from crime and the financing of terrorism Financial Monitoring Service at the Ministry of Finance and Economy of Turkmenistan
- If there are grounds to believe that an operation (transaction) with monetary funds and other assets is connected with the legalization of proceeds from crime or the financing of terrorism, the Service forwards relevant information to the Prosecutor General's Office of Turkmenistan, which assigns it to relevant law enforcement or other state agencies for a proceeding decision Financial Monitoring Service at the Ministry of Finance and Economy of Turkmenistan
- The Service sets the threshold amount for subjecting transactions to mandatory control with regard to transactions with real estate and other property subject to state registration, taking into account the nature and characteristics of the transaction Financial Monitoring Service at the Ministry of Finance and Economy of Turkmenistan
- The Service approves criteria for identifying suspicious operations and transactions and has authority to develop and implement measures to detect and prevent suspicious operations and transactions Financial Monitoring Service at the Ministry of Finance and Economy of Turkmenistan
- The Service establishes the procedure for determining the list of natural and legal persons involved in terrorism or extremist activities and communicates it to persons carrying out operations, which serves as a terrorist watchlist mechanism Financial Monitoring Service at the Ministry of Finance and Economy of Turkmenistan
- The Service draws up a list of individuals and legal entities related to the financing of terrorism and ensures its availability to persons carrying out operations, serving as a mandatory screening requirement Financial Monitoring Service at the Ministry of Finance and Economy of Turkmenistan
- The Service, in coordination with relevant state bodies, establishes requirements on internal control rules for the purpose of counteracting the legalization of proceeds from crime and the financing of terrorism, depending on the types of persons engaged in operations Financial Monitoring Service at the Ministry of Finance and Economy of Turkmenistan
- The Service approves, in coordination with relevant state bodies, requirements for persons performing operations with regard to preparation and training of employees Financial Monitoring Service at the Ministry of Finance and Economy of Turkmenistan
- The Service sets up, in agreement with relevant state bodies, the list of documents necessary for customer due diligence by the types of persons carrying out operations Financial Monitoring Service at the Ministry of Finance and Economy of Turkmenistan
- The Service defines the rules for submitting information on operations (transactions) subject to mandatory control by persons carrying out operations Financial Monitoring Service at the Ministry of Finance and Economy of Turkmenistan
- The Service ensures the confidentiality of information received and protects the database maintained, and develops procedures for safeguarding information and persons working with them Financial Monitoring Service at the Ministry of Finance and Economy of Turkmenistan
- The Service creates and maintains an automated system of accounting, processing and analyzing information on operations and transactions subject to mandatory control Financial Monitoring Service at the Ministry of Finance and Economy of Turkmenistan
- The Service is empowered, within the scope of powers provided by legislation, to suspend transactions with cash and other property for the purpose of combating money laundering and terrorism financing Financial Monitoring Service at the Ministry of Finance and Economy of Turkmenistan
- The Service determines, subject to agreement with the Central Bank of Turkmenistan, the list of offshore zones for the purposes of the Law of Turkmenistan "On Combating the Legalization of Proceeds from Crime and the Financing of Terrorism" Financial Monitoring Service at the Ministry of Finance and Economy of Turkmenistan
Enforcement Actions
- No specific enforcement actions, penalties, fines, arrests, or cases related to cryptocurrency or digital asset securities violations in Turkmenistan have been publicly reported in the available sources Turkmenistan: New Law Establishes Legal Framework for Crypto Mining and Trading Virtual Assets | Library of Congress
- The Financial Monitoring Service is authorized to forward information on suspicious transactions to the Prosecutor General's Office of Turkmenistan, which then assigns cases to relevant law enforcement or other state agencies for proceeding decisions, indicating an enforcement referral pathway exists Financial Monitoring Service at the Ministry of Finance and Economy of Turkmenistan
- The Financial Monitoring Service has the authority to develop and carry out measures to prevent violations of the legislation of Turkmenistan on combating the legalization of proceeds from crime and the financing of terrorism Financial Monitoring Service at the Ministry of Finance and Economy of Turkmenistan
Tax Treatment
- No tax guidance has been issued for virtual assets in Turkmenistan based on the available sources Turkmenistan: New Law Establishes Legal Framework for Crypto Mining and Trading Virtual Assets | Library of Congress
- No specific information is publicly available regarding income tax, capital gains tax, or VAT treatment of cryptocurrency or digital asset securities transactions in Turkmenistan Turkmenistan: New Law Establishes Legal Framework for Crypto Mining and Trading Virtual Assets | Library of Congress
Key Gaps & Risks
- The new law establishing a legal framework for crypto mining and trading virtual assets is recent (reported February 12, 2026), meaning implementing regulations, supporting bylaws, and practical administrative procedures are likely not yet fully developed or publicly available Turkmenistan: New Law Establishes Legal Framework for Crypto Mining and Trading Virtual Assets | Library of Congress
- The securities market regulatory architecture in Turkmenistan is still being developed, with the Ministry of Finance and Economy and Ashgabat Stock Exchange only recently receiving UNDP training on international standards and best practices in January 2025, indicating significant implementation gaps remain Turkmenistan aims to develop its securities market
- No public information is available on specific licensing categories, application processes, capital requirements, or fees for cryptocurrency or digital asset securities activities, creating significant legal uncertainty for prospective businesses Turkmenistan: New Law Establishes Legal Framework for Crypto Mining and Trading Virtual Assets | Library of Congress
- No tax treatment has been defined for virtual assets, creating risk of unexpected tax liabilities or double taxation for businesses operating in the crypto space Turkmenistan: New Law Establishes Legal Framework for Crypto Mining and Trading Virtual Assets | Library of Congress
- The Financial Monitoring Service has broad authority to suspend transactions and forward cases to the Prosecutor General's Office, but specific thresholds and criteria for crypto transactions have not been publicly disclosed Financial Monitoring Service at the Ministry of Finance and Economy of Turkmenistan
- A business entering the Turkmenistan crypto market faces the practical reality that the regulatory framework is nascent, the FIU has broad discretionary powers, enforcement precedent is untested, and no licensed entities have been publicly confirmed to exist Turkmenistan: New Law Establishes Legal Framework for Crypto Mining and Trading Virtual Assets | Library of Congress
Sources
Source Data
Turkmenistan has enacted a new law establishing a legal framework for crypto mining and trading virtual assets, signaling a formal recognition of the sector as of early 2026 Turkmenistan: New Law Establishes Legal Framework for Crypto Mining and Trading Virtual Assets | Library of Congress
The Financial Monitoring Service at the Ministry of Finance and Economy of Turkmenistan is the authorized state body for anti-money laundering and countering terrorist financing (AML/CFT), and would oversee AML compliance for any crypto-related activity Financial Monitoring Service at the Ministry of Finance and Economy of Turkmenistan
The Ministry of Finance and Economy of Turkmenistan, together with the Ashgabat Stock Exchange, is actively working with the UNDP to develop the securities market regulatory framework, but no specific cryptocurrency or digital asset securities licensing regime has been publicly detailed Turkmenistan aims to develop its securities market
No entities have been publicly confirmed as licensed to conduct cryptocurrency or digital asset securities activities in Turkmenistan; the practical reality is that the market is nascent and regulatory implementation is at an early stage Turkmenistan: New Law Establishes Legal Framework for Crypto Mining and Trading Virtual Assets | Library of Congress
The Financial Monitoring Service at the Ministry of Finance and Economy of Turkmenistan is designated as the authorized state body for prevention of laundering (legalization) of proceeds and financing of terrorism; it was established by Resolution of the President of Turkmenistan № 934 dated October 5, 2018 Financial Monitoring Service at the Ministry of Finance and Economy of Turkmenistan
The Service is an administrative type of financial intelligence unit and operates under the legal basis of the Law of Turkmenistan "On Anti-Money Laundering and Combating the Financing of Terrorism," as well as the regulation of the Service approved by the Presidential Resolution dated October 5, 2018 Financial Monitoring Service at the Ministry of Finance and Economy of Turkmenistan
The Service implements state policy in the sphere of combating money laundering and the financing of terrorism, coordinates national risk assessments, and acts as coordinator of technical assistance projects from foreign governments and international organizations Financial Monitoring Service at the Ministry of Finance and Economy of Turkmenistan
The Service represents Turkmenistan in international organizations engaged in countering money laundering and terrorism financing, and manages the implementation of commitments arising from international treaties of Turkmenistan Financial Monitoring Service at the Ministry of Finance and Economy of Turkmenistan
The Service implements international standards on countering the legalization of proceeds from crime and the financing of terrorism, as well as recommendations, guidance and decisions of the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) Financial Monitoring Service at the Ministry of Finance and Economy of Turkmenistan
The Service maintains a list of countries with inadequate AML/CFT systems, taking into account documents published by FATF, and communicates this list to relevant state bodies Financial Monitoring Service at the Ministry of Finance and Economy of Turkmenistan
The Ministry of Finance and Economy of Turkmenistan and the Ashgabat Stock Exchange are engaged in a joint project with the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) titled "Support to Strengthening Institutional and Regulatory Environment for Financial Markets Development" Turkmenistan aims to develop its securities market
A three-day seminar was held from January 20 to 24, 2025, for specialists from the Ministry of Finance and Economy and the Ashgabat Stock Exchange, covering "The Nature of the Securities Market and Its Role in Market Economies" and "International Standards and Best Practices in the Global Regulatory Architecture for Securities Markets" Turkmenistan aims to develop its securities market
UNDP international and local experts held meetings with the Ministry of Finance and Economy and the Ashgabat Stock Exchange to further develop Turkmenistan's securities market by aligning it with international standards Turkmenistan aims to develop its securities market
A new law has been enacted in Turkmenistan that establishes a legal framework for crypto mining and trading virtual assets, as reported by the Library of Congress Global Legal Monitor on February 12, 2026 Turkmenistan: New Law Establishes Legal Framework for Crypto Mining and Trading Virtual Assets | Library of Congress
A new law in Turkmenistan establishes a legal framework for crypto mining and trading virtual assets, but the specific licensing requirements, application procedures, and capital thresholds have not been publicly detailed in the available sources Turkmenistan: New Law Establishes Legal Framework for Crypto Mining and Trading Virtual Assets | Library of Congress
The Financial Monitoring Service has the authority to define a threshold amount for transactions that are stipulated in the Law of Turkmenistan "On Combating the Legalization of Proceeds from Crime and the Financing of Terrorism" and are subject to mandatory control, which would apply to any licensed crypto entities Financial Monitoring Service at the Ministry of Finance and Economy of Turkmenistan
The Service is empowered to approve training programs for reporting entities, organize courses, define professional requirements for their employees, and organize training in Turkmenistan and abroad Financial Monitoring Service at the Ministry of Finance and Economy of Turkmenistan
No entities have been publicly confirmed as licensed to conduct cryptocurrency mining, virtual asset trading, or digital asset securities activities in Turkmenistan; zero licenses appear to have been publicly granted as of the date of the available sources Turkmenistan: New Law Establishes Legal Framework for Crypto Mining and Trading Virtual Assets | Library of Congress
The securities market regulatory framework in Turkmenistan is still under development, as evidenced by the January 2025 UNDP-supported seminar focused on international standards and best practices for securities market regulation, indicating no mature licensing regime exists yet for digital asset securities Turkmenistan aims to develop its securities market
The Financial Monitoring Service at the Ministry of Finance and Economy of Turkmenistan collects and processes information on operations (transactions) with monetary funds and other assets subject to mandatory control Financial Monitoring Service at the Ministry of Finance and Economy of Turkmenistan
The Service conducts analysis of received information in accordance with established procedures and coordinates activities of state bodies in the field of combating the legalization of proceeds from crime and the financing of terrorism Financial Monitoring Service at the Ministry of Finance and Economy of Turkmenistan
If there are grounds to believe that an operation (transaction) with monetary funds and other assets is connected with the legalization of proceeds from crime or the financing of terrorism, the Service forwards relevant information to the Prosecutor General's Office of Turkmenistan, which assigns it to relevant law enforcement or other state agencies for a proceeding decision Financial Monitoring Service at the Ministry of Finance and Economy of Turkmenistan
The Service sets the threshold amount for subjecting transactions to mandatory control with regard to transactions with real estate and other property subject to state registration, taking into account the nature and characteristics of the transaction Financial Monitoring Service at the Ministry of Finance and Economy of Turkmenistan
The Service approves criteria for identifying suspicious operations and transactions and has authority to develop and implement measures to detect and prevent suspicious operations and transactions Financial Monitoring Service at the Ministry of Finance and Economy of Turkmenistan
The Service establishes the procedure for determining the list of natural and legal persons involved in terrorism or extremist activities and communicates it to persons carrying out operations, which serves as a terrorist watchlist mechanism Financial Monitoring Service at the Ministry of Finance and Economy of Turkmenistan
The Service draws up a list of individuals and legal entities related to the financing of terrorism and ensures its availability to persons carrying out operations, serving as a mandatory screening requirement Financial Monitoring Service at the Ministry of Finance and Economy of Turkmenistan
The Service, in coordination with relevant state bodies, establishes requirements on internal control rules for the purpose of counteracting the legalization of proceeds from crime and the financing of terrorism, depending on the types of persons engaged in operations Financial Monitoring Service at the Ministry of Finance and Economy of Turkmenistan
The Service approves, in coordination with relevant state bodies, requirements for persons performing operations with regard to preparation and training of employees Financial Monitoring Service at the Ministry of Finance and Economy of Turkmenistan
The Service sets up, in agreement with relevant state bodies, the list of documents necessary for customer due diligence by the types of persons carrying out operations Financial Monitoring Service at the Ministry of Finance and Economy of Turkmenistan
The Service defines the rules for submitting information on operations (transactions) subject to mandatory control by persons carrying out operations Financial Monitoring Service at the Ministry of Finance and Economy of Turkmenistan
The Service ensures the confidentiality of information received and protects the database maintained, and develops procedures for safeguarding information and persons working with them Financial Monitoring Service at the Ministry of Finance and Economy of Turkmenistan
The Service creates and maintains an automated system of accounting, processing and analyzing information on operations and transactions subject to mandatory control Financial Monitoring Service at the Ministry of Finance and Economy of Turkmenistan
The Service is empowered, within the scope of powers provided by legislation, to suspend transactions with cash and other property for the purpose of combating money laundering and terrorism financing Financial Monitoring Service at the Ministry of Finance and Economy of Turkmenistan
The Service determines, subject to agreement with the Central Bank of Turkmenistan, the list of offshore zones for the purposes of the Law of Turkmenistan "On Combating the Legalization of Proceeds from Crime and the Financing of Terrorism" Financial Monitoring Service at the Ministry of Finance and Economy of Turkmenistan
No specific enforcement actions, penalties, fines, arrests, or cases related to cryptocurrency or digital asset securities violations in Turkmenistan have been publicly reported in the available sources Turkmenistan: New Law Establishes Legal Framework for Crypto Mining and Trading Virtual Assets | Library of Congress
The Financial Monitoring Service is authorized to forward information on suspicious transactions to the Prosecutor General's Office of Turkmenistan, which then assigns cases to relevant law enforcement or other state agencies for proceeding decisions, indicating an enforcement referral pathway exists Financial Monitoring Service at the Ministry of Finance and Economy of Turkmenistan
The Financial Monitoring Service has the authority to develop and carry out measures to prevent violations of the legislation of Turkmenistan on combating the legalization of proceeds from crime and the financing of terrorism Financial Monitoring Service at the Ministry of Finance and Economy of Turkmenistan
No tax guidance has been issued for virtual assets in Turkmenistan based on the available sources Turkmenistan: New Law Establishes Legal Framework for Crypto Mining and Trading Virtual Assets | Library of Congress
The new law establishing a legal framework for crypto mining and trading virtual assets is recent (reported February 12, 2026), meaning implementing regulations, supporting bylaws, and practical administrative procedures are likely not yet fully developed or publicly available Turkmenistan: New Law Establishes Legal Framework for Crypto Mining and Trading Virtual Assets | Library of Congress
The securities market regulatory architecture in Turkmenistan is still being developed, with the Ministry of Finance and Economy and Ashgabat Stock Exchange only recently receiving UNDP training on international standards and best practices in January 2025, indicating significant implementation gaps remain Turkmenistan aims to develop its securities market
No public information is available on specific licensing categories, application processes, capital requirements, or fees for cryptocurrency or digital asset securities activities, creating significant legal uncertainty for prospective businesses Turkmenistan: New Law Establishes Legal Framework for Crypto Mining and Trading Virtual Assets | Library of Congress
No tax treatment has been defined for virtual assets, creating risk of unexpected tax liabilities or double taxation for businesses operating in the crypto space Turkmenistan: New Law Establishes Legal Framework for Crypto Mining and Trading Virtual Assets | Library of Congress
The Financial Monitoring Service has broad authority to suspend transactions and forward cases to the Prosecutor General's Office, but specific thresholds and criteria for crypto transactions have not been publicly disclosed Financial Monitoring Service at the Ministry of Finance and Economy of Turkmenistan
A business entering the Turkmenistan crypto market faces the practical reality that the regulatory framework is nascent, the FIU has broad discretionary powers, enforcement precedent is untested, and no licensed entities have been publicly confirmed to exist Turkmenistan: New Law Establishes Legal Framework for Crypto Mining and Trading Virtual Assets | Library of Congress
Financial Monitoring Service at the Ministry of Finance and Economy of Turkmenistan
Turkmenistan aims to develop its securities market
Turkmenistan: New Law Establishes Legal Framework for Crypto Mining and Trading Virtual Assets | Library of Congress
References
This article was generated by deepseek/deepseek-chat .
Primary Sources
http://minfin.gov.tm/. (n.d.). minfin.gov.tm. Retrieved April 21, 2026, from http://minfin.gov.tm/
https://home.treasury.gov/policy-issues/office-of-foreign-assets-control-sanctions-programs-and-information. (n.d.). home.treasury.gov. Retrieved April 21, 2026, from https://home.treasury.gov/policy-issues/office-of-foreign-assets-control-sanctions-programs-and-information
https://home.treasury.gov/policy-issues/office-of-foreign-assets-control-sanctions-programs-and-information/specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-list-sdn-human-readable-lists. (n.d.). home.treasury.gov. Retrieved April 21, 2026, from https://home.treasury.gov/policy-issues/office-of-foreign-assets-control-sanctions-programs-and-information/specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-list-sdn-human-readable-lists
loc.gov. (n.d.). Turkmenistan: New Law Establishes Legal Framework for Crypto Mining and Trading Virtual Assets | Library of Congress. Retrieved September 6, 2026, from https://www.loc.gov/item/global-legal-monitor/2026-02-12/turkmenistan-new-law-establishes-legal-framework-for-crypto-mining-and-trading-virtual-assets
invest.gov.tm. (n.d.). Financial Monitoring Service at the Ministry of Finance and Economy of Turkmenistan. Retrieved September 6, 2026, from https://invest.gov.tm/guide/view?id=27
turkmenistan.gov.tm. (n.d.). Turkmenistan aims to develop its securities market. Retrieved September 6, 2026, from https://turkmenistan.gov.tm/en/post/91487/turkmenistan-aims-develop-its-securities-market
Secondary Sources
cbt.tm. (n.d.). cbt.tm. Retrieved April 22, 2026, from http://www.cbt.tm/
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