Sudan has no specific legal framework for cryptocurrency or digital asset securities as of 2025–2026, and no regulator has issued licenses or guidance for crypto-related activities. Laws and Regulations | CBOS

The Central Bank of Sudan (CBOS) regulates banking and financial institutions under the Banking Business Act, the Foreign Exchange Dealing Act, and the Anti-Money Laundering & Financing of Terrorism Act, none of which mention virtual assets. Laws and Regulations | CBOS

The Financial Markets Authority (FMA) supervises capital markets and securities activities, including licensing of brokerage companies, but its published regulations cover only conventional securities and investment funds, not digital assets. Financial Markets Authority – Fair Financial Environment for sustainable investment

No entity has been licensed to conduct cryptocurrency exchange, custody, or digital asset securities business in Sudan; the practical reality is that crypto activity operates in a legal vacuum with significant prohibition risk under foreign exchange laws. Sudan - Trade Financing

U.S. sanctions and the Sudanese Sanctions Regulations (31 CFR Part 538) additionally restrict international digital asset transactions involving Sudan, creating extraterritorial compliance barriers for any market participant. Federal Register :: Reporting, Procedures and Penalties Regulations and Sudanese Sanctions Regulations

Central Bank of Sudan (CBOS) — the central monetary authority with jurisdiction over banking business, foreign exchange dealing, financial investment institutions, and anti-money laundering compliance; contactable at [email protected], phone 00249187056000, Port Sudan, P.O 34. Laws and Regulations | CBOS

Financial Markets Authority (FMA) — the securities and capital markets regulator for Sudan, responsible for licensing brokerage companies, offering managers, investment funds, and enforcing capital market regulations. Financial Markets Authority – Fair Financial Environment for sustainable investment

Khartoum Stock Exchange — operates under the Khartoum Stock Exchange Act, 1994, as part of the securities market infrastructure. Sudan - Trade Financing

Banking Business Act — CBOS-enforced statute governing the conduct of banking business in Sudan, with separate regulation titled "Regulation governing Licensing for conducting Banking Business." Laws and Regulations | CBOS

Anti Money Laundering & the Financing of Terrorism Act — the principal AML/CFT statute administered by CBOS. Laws and Regulations | CBOS

Foreign Exchange Dealing Act — regulates all foreign exchange transactions and dealings in Sudan, administered by CBOS. Laws and Regulations | CBOS

Foreign Exchange Dealing Regulation — implementing regulation under the Foreign Exchange Dealing Act. Laws and Regulations | CBOS

Regulation governing the business of financial investment institutions — CBOS regulation covering investment institutions, which could potentially encompass certain digital asset custody or investment activities by analogy. Laws and Regulations | CBOS

Regulation governing the Business of Foreign Exchange Bureaus — CBOS regulation controlling foreign exchange bureau licensing. Laws and Regulations | CBOS

The Electronic Transactions Act — Sudan's electronic transactions legislation listed by CBOS, relevant for digital commerce but with no digital asset provisions. Laws and Regulations | CBOS

The Informatic Offences (Combating) Act, 2007 — cybercrime legislation listed among CBOS regulations, potentially applicable to digital asset fraud or system intrusions. Laws and Regulations | CBOS

The Property Mortgaged to Banks Act — banking collateral law, no relevance to digital assets. Laws and Regulations | CBOS

Deposit Guarantee Fund Act — deposit insurance statute, does not extend to virtual assets. Laws and Regulations | CBOS

FMA Law — foundational statute creating the Financial Markets Authority and its powers over Sudanese capital markets. ABout FMA – Financial Markets Authority

Implementing Regulations (FMA) — a set including: "Licensing Brokerage Companys," "Rules of Privet Placement," "Restructure Brokerage Companies," "Violations and Penalties Regulations for Market Members and Capital Markets for the Year 2021," "Authority Service Charges Guide," "Regulations for the issuance of investment fund units for the year 2022 AD," and "Grievances Committee Regulations for the year 2022." Financial Markets Authority – Fair Financial Environment for sustainable investment

Investment Act of 2013 — enshrines the right to repatriate capital and profits provided the investor has opened an investment account at the Central Bank before starting operations. Sudan - Trade Financing

Sudan's financial system is small by regional standards, with almost 40 banks including five foreign and four state-owned banks, and the sector is "under capitalized, deficient in employing modern technology, and lacking in trained and experienced human resources." Sudan - Trade Financing

Sudan has a "home-grown, unique Islamic banking system" and is in the process of reintroducing conventional banking practices. Sudan - Trade Financing

The U.S. maintains sanctions against Sudan under 31 CFR Part 538 (Sudanese Sanctions Regulations), implementing Executive Order 13067, which declared a national emergency regarding Sudan's policies and actions. Federal Register :: Reporting, Procedures and Penalties Regulations and Sudanese Sanctions Regulations

The Government of Sudan's property and interests in property are blocked in the United States, and the Sudanese Sanctions Regulations restrict U.S. persons from engaging in transactions with Sudan, directly affecting the ability of U.S. crypto businesses to serve Sudanese counterparties. Federal Register :: Reporting, Procedures and Penalties Regulations and Sudanese Sanctions Regulations

No FATF mutual evaluation report specific to Sudan is referenced in the available source materials. Laws and Regulations | CBOS

No cryptocurrency or digital asset securities license exists in Sudan as of the available regulatory publications; none of the CBOS or FMA listed laws, acts, or regulations provide for the licensing of virtual asset service providers. Laws and Regulations | CBOS

A person or entity seeking to conduct banking business in Sudan requires a license under the "Regulation governing Licensing for conducting Banking Business" — but this regulation does not cover digital assets. Laws and Regulations | CBOS

Foreign exchange bureaus must be licensed under the "Regulation governing the Business of Foreign Exchange Bureaus" — cryptocurrency exchange does not appear within this framework. Laws and Regulations | CBOS

Financial investment institutions require licensing under the "Regulation governing the business of financial investment institutions" — the scope of "financial investment" does not extend to digital asset services. Laws and Regulations | CBOS

Foreign banks seeking representative offices must comply with "Rules for Conducting Business and Licensing of Representative Offices of Foreign Banks." Laws and Regulations | CBOS

Brokerage companies in the securities market require FMA licensing under the "Licensing Brokerage Companys" implementing regulation. Financial Markets Authority – Fair Financial Environment for sustainable investment

Offering managers and investment funds require FMA approvals; the FMA publishes "Managers & Centers" lists and "Prospectuses & Forms" for companies and investment funds. Financial Markets Authority – Fair Financial Environment for sustainable investment

Commercial banking activities — under CBOS Banking Business Act licensing regime. Laws and Regulations | CBOS

Foreign exchange dealing and bureau operations — under the Foreign Exchange Dealing Act and its implementing regulations. Laws and Regulations | CBOS

Financial investment institution activities — under the CBOS regulation governing financial investment institutions. Laws and Regulations | CBOS

Securities brokerage, private placement, investment fund issuance, and market membership — under FMA implementing regulations. Financial Markets Authority – Fair Financial Environment for sustainable investment

No digital asset activity is licensable — there is no category for crypto exchange, digital asset custody, token issuance, or virtual asset brokerage in either CBOS or FMA frameworks. Laws and Regulations | CBOS

The available source text does not disclose specific capital or monetary thresholds for CBOS or FMA license categories. Laws and Regulations | CBOS

No capital requirements for digital asset businesses have been published, as no such licensing category exists. Financial Markets Authority – Fair Financial Environment for sustainable investment

For CBOS licensing, applicants must follow the specific regulations (e.g., banking business, foreign exchange bureau, financial investment institution regulations), but the source text does not describe the application steps or statutory timeline. Laws and Regulations | CBOS

For FMA licensing, the Authority publishes forms and prospectus requirements for companies and investment funds, and maintains lists of approved offering managers. Financial Markets Authority – Fair Financial Environment for sustainable investment

No entity has been licensed to conduct cryptocurrency or digital asset securities business in Sudan — there is no evidence in the source materials that any such license has been issued. Financial Markets Authority – Fair Financial Environment for sustainable investment

Sudan has an Anti Money Laundering & the Financing of Terrorism Act administered by CBOS, which constitutes the foundational AML/CFT obligation for financial institutions. Laws and Regulations | CBOS

CBOS publishes separate "Anti-Money Laundering and the Financing of Terrorism" circulars under its "Financial Institution and System Wing Circulars" category, providing operational guidance to financial institutions. Laws and Regulations | CBOS

The source text does not detail specific CDD (Customer Due Diligence), EDD (Enhanced Due Diligence), or STR (Suspicious Transaction Reporting) thresholds within the CBOS AML framework. Laws and Regulations | CBOS

No provisions in the source text address record retention periods, beneficial ownership definitions, or PEP (Politically Exposed Persons) screening requirements specific to digital assets. Laws and Regulations | CBOS

Since no virtual asset service provider category exists, the AML/KYC obligations under the Act apply to traditional financial institutions only; crypto businesses cannot comply through a specific digital asset AML regime because one has not been established. Laws and Regulations | CBOS

Foreign companies operating in Sudan require CBOS permission to repatriate profits and foreign currency, and investing parties must open an investment account at the Central Bank before starting operations — a requirement that could apply to any crypto-related investment entity. Sudan - Trade Financing

The source text does not identify any specific enforcement actions, fines, penalties, or arrests related to cryptocurrency or digital asset activity in Sudan. Laws and Regulations | CBOS

The FMA has published "Violations and Penalties Regulations for Market Members and Capital Markets for the Year 2021," which establish penalty frameworks for securities market violations, but no crypto-specific enforcement cases are reported in the available sources. Financial Markets Authority – Fair Financial Environment for sustainable investment

U.S. sanctions enforcement is a relevant risk: the Sudanese Sanctions Regulations (31 CFR Part 538) block property of the Government of Sudan and prohibit certain fund transfers to Sudan, creating a risk of U.S. penalties for persons facilitating digital asset transactions with Sudanese parties, though no specific Sudan-crypto enforcement is described in the text. Federal Register :: Reporting, Procedures and Penalties Regulations and Sudanese Sanctions Regulations

The regulation "Rule" in the Federal Register notes that money transmittal services to Sudan are prohibited except as otherwise authorized by general license, and that U.S. financial institutions must block unlicensed funds transfers involving the Government of Sudan. Federal Register :: Reporting, Procedures and Penalties Regulations and Sudanese Sanctions Regulations

No tax guidance has been issued for virtual assets in Sudan. Laws and Regulations | CBOS

The available CBOS and FMA publications contain no mention of tax treatment for cryptocurrency gains, capital gains on digital assets, or VAT applicability to virtual asset transactions. Laws and Regulations | CBOS

The Investment Act of 2013 provides for repatriation of capital and profits for investments made through approved channels, which could theoretically apply to digital asset investments, but no specific tax rules for crypto exist. Sudan - Trade Financing

No digital asset definition exists — neither CBOS nor FMA define "cryptocurrency," "virtual asset," "digital token," or "smart contract" in any published law or regulation. Laws and Regulations | CBOS

No licensing pathway for crypto businesses — there is no application form, no designated regulator, no capital threshold, and no procedure for a virtual asset service provider to become authorized. Financial Markets Authority – Fair Financial Environment for sustainable investment

No securities token framework — the FMA's implementing regulations cover traditional brokerage, private placement, and investment funds only; digital securities cannot be issued or listed under existing rules. Financial Markets Authority – Fair Financial Environment for sustainable investment

No AML/CFT coverage for virtual assets — the Anti Money Laundering & the Financing of Terrorism Act predates the FATF virtual asset standards and does not impose obligations on crypto intermediaries. Laws and Regulations | CBOS

No tax certainty — the absence of guidance creates filing ambiguity for any business that might lawfully transact in digital assets. Laws and Regulations | CBOS

Foreign exchange violation risk — foreign-currency transactions must comply with the Foreign Exchange Dealing Act; crypto-to-fiat conversions may be treated as unauthorized foreign exchange dealing. Laws and Regulations | CBOS

U.S. sanctions exposure — the Sudanese Sanctions Regulations block property of the Government of Sudan and impose conditions on transfers to Sudan; any international crypto exchange serving Sudanese users could face U.S. enforcement. Federal Register :: Reporting, Procedures and Penalties Regulations and Sudanese Sanctions Regulations

High reliance on informal channels — "many Sudanese firms still complete a significant number of transactions outside of official channels or complete transactions abroad in U.S. dollars, euros, riyals, or dirhams," indicating widespread circumvention that a compliant crypto business cannot ignore. Sudan - Trade Financing

Banking sector weaknesses — Sudan's banks are "under capitalized, deficient in employing modern technology, and lacking in trained and experienced human resources," limiting the ability to establish bank partnerships for digital asset operations. Sudan - Trade Financing

No U.S. correspondent banks — "No U.S. banks operate in Sudan" and the Ex-Im Bank does not offer Sudan-specific programs, complicating USD settlement for crypto businesses. Sudan - Trade Financing

Regulatory uncertainty — the FMA continues to evolve (e.g., new headquarters in Khartoum, agricultural commodities exchange steering committee), but no crypto-specific policy development is publicly visible. Financial Markets Authority – Fair Financial Environment for sustainable investment

Financial Markets Authority – Fair Financial Environment for sustainable investment

ABout FMA – Financial Markets Authority

Federal Register :: Reporting, Procedures and Penalties Regulations and Sudanese Sanctions Regulations

Regulations - BoSS | Bank of South Sudan