Regulatory Intelligence
AI-maintained daily updates on crypto regulations worldwide. Newest first — page 39 of 43.
Adopted through Law 27.739 (March 2024), which defines PSAVs, followed by phased registration in 2025 and UIF Res...
Adopted through Law 27.739 (March 2024), which defines PSAVs, followed by phased registration in 2025 and UIF Resolution 49/2024.
Traditional banks can provide crypto services from April 2026 under supervision.
Traditional banks can provide crypto services from April 2026 under supervision.
Results do not detail specific penalties; non-compliance risks regulatory enforcement, as Argentina's framework is "c...
Results do not detail specific penalties; non-compliance risks regulatory enforcement, as Argentina's framework is "comparatively strict," with potential future access limits on unregistered foreign VASPs.
From 1 July 2026, professions including lawyers, accountants, and real estate agents will be subject to AML/CTF o...
From 1 July 2026, professions including lawyers, accountants, and real estate agents will be subject to AML/CTF obligations under the AML/CTF Amendment Bill 2024
Non-compliance penalties are severe: failing to enrol or register can result in fines up to AUD 210,000 for cor...
Non-compliance penalties are severe: failing to enrol or register can result in fines up to AUD 210,000 for corporations and potential criminal charges, including imprisonment
Australia's AML/CTF regulatory framework is currently operational with Tranche 2 expansion scheduled for implementati...
Australia's AML/CTF regulatory framework is currently operational with Tranche 2 expansion scheduled for implementation in 2026
Applies to Digital Asset Facilities (DAFs) holding tokens or real-world assets backing tokens, focusing on fact...
Applies to Digital Asset Facilities (DAFs) holding tokens or real-world assets backing tokens, focusing on factual control (broadly defined as positive control to transact/exclude others, though clarification pending).
Earlier Treasury consultations (e.g., 2022 on Crypto Asset Secondary Service Providers) proposed licensing/custody ru...
Earlier Treasury consultations (e.g., 2022 on Crypto Asset Secondary Service Providers) proposed licensing/custody rules, now enacted; factual control definitions may see tweaks.
The Binance fine stands out as the largest quantified penalty and a landmark court ruling.
The Binance fine stands out as the largest quantified penalty and a landmark court ruling.
Limited penalty details in some cases (e.g., revocations, convictions) reflect enforcement focus on compliance over f...
Limited penalty details in some cases (e.g., revocations, convictions) reflect enforcement focus on compliance over fines; no other major fined actions with full details in results.
Exchanges: Must register as digital currency exchange providers with AUSTRAC under the AML/CTF Act 2006. If holdi...
Exchanges: Must register as digital currency exchange providers with AUSTRAC under the AML/CTF Act 2006. If holding customer assets or facilitating trading in financial products (e.g., derivatives, tokenized securities), an AFSL from ASIC is required under the Corporations Act 2001 and the new Corporations Amendment (Digital Assets Framework) Bill 2025.
Corporations Amendment (Digital Assets Framework) Bill 2025 (Exposure Draft): https://treasury.gov.au/consultatio...
Corporations Amendment (Digital Assets Framework) Bill 2025 (Exposure Draft): https://treasury.gov.au/consultation/c2022-259046 (related consultation); full bill via Parliament post-passage.
No AFSL/market licence needed for eligible wrapped tokens under proposed relief (CS 32).
No AFSL/market licence needed for eligible wrapped tokens under proposed relief (CS 32).
Corporations Act 2001 (Cth): Defines financial products/securities.
Corporations Act 2001 (Cth): Defines financial products/securities.
Corporations Act 2001 (amendments proposed): Via AFSL requirements.
Corporations Act 2001 (amendments proposed): Via AFSL requirements.
ASIC Regulatory Relief (finalized ~2026): For stablecoin/wrapped token distribution.
ASIC Regulatory Relief (finalized ~2026): For stablecoin/wrapped token distribution.
Ordering VASPs must collect/verify sender/recipient details, conduct due diligence on custodial vs. self-hosted walle...
Ordering VASPs must collect/verify sender/recipient details, conduct due diligence on custodial vs. self-hosted wallets, screen for sanctions, confirm secure messaging, and share data with beneficiary VASPs.
Violation type: Non-compliance with DABA requirements, including segregation of digital assets in the "Andromeda ...
Violation type: Non-compliance with DABA requirements, including segregation of digital assets in the "Andromeda Omnibus Wallet," Digital Asset Custody Code of Practice (2019), AML/ATF, KYC, and UN Sanctions protocols (identified via 2022 onsite inspections).
Penalty amount: Not specified in sources.
Penalty amount: Not specified in sources.
Outcome: BMA appointed Teneo FA for investigation; company in liquidation with joint liquidators seeking court sa...
Outcome: BMA appointed Teneo FA for investigation; company in liquidation with joint liquidators seeking court sanction for interim distribution to former customers (July 2025 ruling approved steps); UBOs/directors' legal challenge rejected by Supreme Court in May 2025.
Fines up to US$250,000 and/or 5 years imprisonment for unlicensed digital asset business.
Fines up to US$250,000 and/or 5 years imprisonment for unlicensed digital asset business.
Fines up to US$10,000,000 for DABA breaches or non-compliance with BMA directions.
Fines up to US$10,000,000 for DABA breaches or non-compliance with BMA directions.
Proposed Payment Services Act (PSA): Regulates payments/digital wallets, with DABA exemptions and stablecoin opti...
Proposed Payment Services Act (PSA): Regulates payments/digital wallets, with DABA exemptions and stablecoin options
Digital Asset Business Act (DABA, 2018): Establishes licensing for "digital asset businesses" (broadly defined to...
Digital Asset Business Act (DABA, 2018): Establishes licensing for "digital asset businesses" (broadly defined to include exchanges, trading, custody, issuance, stablecoins, and more) conducted in or from Bermuda; applies to entities incorporated inside or outside Bermuda.
Foreign Currency Purchase Tax: A 1% tax applies to purchases of foreign currency from Bermuda-based banks by resi...
Foreign Currency Purchase Tax: A 1% tax applies to purchases of foreign currency from Bermuda-based banks by residents, but this does not cover crypto purchases, which occur via exchanges.
The exact effective date of Bermuda's Travel Rule implementation
The exact effective date of Bermuda's Travel Rule implementation
Resolution BCB N. 521: Extends AML/CFT protections to foreign exchange and virtual asset operations, incorporatin...
Resolution BCB N. 521: Extends AML/CFT protections to foreign exchange and virtual asset operations, incorporating them into Brazil's exchange regulatory framework
Transactions to non-Brazilian bank accounts equal to or greater than BRL 100,000
Transactions to non-Brazilian bank accounts equal to or greater than BRL 100,000
Reporting of sanctions matches and serious evidence of terrorism financing
Reporting of sanctions matches and serious evidence of terrorism financing
All proposed and final CVM regulations are published in the Official Gazette of Brazil and posted on the CVM's website.8
All proposed and final CVM regulations are published in the Official Gazette of Brazil and posted on the CVM's website.8
Securities brokers (CTVMs) require licensing from the Central Bank under CMN Resolution 5,008/22 and operate under La...
Securities brokers (CTVMs) require licensing from the Central Bank under CMN Resolution 5,008/22 and operate under Laws 4,728/65 and 6,385/76.5
Gambling regulation: A proposed bill (PL-1808/2026) would ban online gambling entirely, which would eliminate the...
Gambling regulation: A proposed bill (PL-1808/2026) would ban online gambling entirely, which would eliminate the regulated framework where cryptocurrency deposits are currently prohibited on licensed gambling platforms
Banco Central do Brasil licensing requirements for Virtual Asset Service Providers (VASPs)
Banco Central do Brasil licensing requirements for Virtual Asset Service Providers (VASPs)
Recent enforcement actions with specific details
Recent enforcement actions with specific details
Entity Targeted: FTX Trading Ltd. and Samuel Bankman-Fried (CEO and co-founder)
Entity Targeted: FTX Trading Ltd. and Samuel Bankman-Fried (CEO and co-founder)
Penalty Amount: Not specified in available results
Penalty Amount: Not specified in available results
Outcome: FTX filed for bankruptcy after a spike in customer withdrawals exposed an $8 billion shortfall in accoun...
Outcome: FTX filed for bankruptcy after a spike in customer withdrawals exposed an $8 billion shortfall in accounts. The SEC charged Bankman-Fried with orchestrating a scheme that defrauded equity investors; FTX had raised more than $1.8 billion from investors, including approximately $1.1 billion from about 90 U.S.-based investors. The Securities Commission of the Bahamas subsequently froze assets of one of FTX's subsidiaries.
Digital Assets and Registered Exchanges Act, 2024 (DARE Act): Enacted in 2024, it regulates token issuance, excha...
Digital Assets and Registered Exchanges Act, 2024 (DARE Act): Enacted in 2024, it regulates token issuance, exchanges, custodians, stablecoins (with reserve backing and audits under Section 49), NFTs, staking, DeFi platforms (Sections 5, 15, 33), and requires AML/CFT compliance (Sections 18-21, 33-35).
Earlier developments: Draft DARE Bill 2019 and Central Bank Discussion Paper (November 2018).
Earlier developments: Draft DARE Bill 2019 and Central Bank Discussion Paper (November 2018).
Central Bank of The Bahamas: General financial regulation; no crypto tax guidance. https://www.centralbankbahamas...
Central Bank of The Bahamas: General financial regulation; no crypto tax guidance. https://www.centralbankbahamas.com/
Originating VASPs: Identify originator, obtain/verify required data, screen for sanctions, retain records, and share ...
Originating VASPs: Identify originator, obtain/verify required data, screen for sanctions, retain records, and share with beneficiary VASPs.
No mandated technical solution (e.g., interoperability challenges persist globally). Sanctions screening against l...
No mandated technical solution (e.g., interoperability challenges persist globally). Sanctions screening against lists like OFAC, UN, EU is required before transactions.
All registrants must designate a Chief Compliance Officer (CCO) approved by the regulator who must complete the Exemp...
All registrants must designate a Chief Compliance Officer (CCO) approved by the regulator who must complete the Exempt Market Products Course (EMPC) or equivalent plus CCO training
The CSA published modernized registration information requirements in December 2021 to establish a more efficient reg...
The CSA published modernized registration information requirements in December 2021 to establish a more efficient registration and oversight process
Bank of Canada: Will administer and supervise stablecoin issuers under the new stablecoin framework.
Bank of Canada: Will administer and supervise stablecoin issuers under the new stablecoin framework.
Retail Payment Activities Act: Framework under which the Bank of Canada supervises payment service providers.
Retail Payment Activities Act: Framework under which the Bank of Canada supervises payment service providers.
Payment, Clearing and Settlement Act: Legislation under which the Bank of Canada supervises financial market infr...
Payment, Clearing and Settlement Act: Legislation under which the Bank of Canada supervises financial market infrastructure.
ch.licensing.regulator-finma: FINMA is responsible for granting licences to financial institutions such as banks,...
ch.licensing.regulator-finma: FINMA is responsible for granting licences to financial institutions such as banks, securities firms, fund management companies, managers of collective assets, insurers, and financial market infrastructures, ensuring compliance with organisational, financial, and risk-minimisation requirements.https://www.finma.ch/en/authorisation/types-of-licensing/
Companies accepting and managing assets deposited by the public for commercial purposes require a FINMA licence, incl...
Companies accepting and managing assets deposited by the public for commercial purposes require a FINMA licence, including banks, funds, insurers, portfolio managers, trustees, and crypto companies.https://www.finma.ch/en/authorisation/types-of-licensing/https://resourcehub.bakermckenzie.com/en/resources/global-financial-services-regulatory-guide/europe-middle-east-and-africa/switzerland/topics/what-types-of-activities-require-a-license-in-your-jurisdiction
General requirements include sufficient minimum capital (e.g., CHF 10 million for banks, CHF 300,000 for payment lice...
General requirements include sufficient minimum capital (e.g., CHF 10 million for banks, CHF 300,000 for payment licences/EMI), robust organizational structure, qualified management with integrity and expertise, internal risk management, and for foreign entities, compliance with reciprocity principles.https://goldblum.ch/knowledgebase/obtain-a-finma-licensehttps://www.finma.ch/en/authorisation/types-of-licensing/
If tokens represent deposits or banking products, a full banking license is needed.
If tokens represent deposits or banking products, a full banking license is needed.
Issuers typically require a fintech license (under the Banking Act) or full banking license unless exempted via a...
Issuers typically require a fintech license (under the Banking Act) or full banking license unless exempted via a bank's default guarantee.
Proposed Payment Instrument Institutions (replacing the fintech license) will exclusively issue "Swiss Stablecoin...
Proposed Payment Instrument Institutions (replacing the fintech license) will exclusively issue "Swiss Stablecoins," with a lighter prudential regime focused on client protection.
Federal Council consultation (Oct 2025–Feb 2026) on Financial Institutions Act (FINIG) amendments; no final enactment...
Federal Council consultation (Oct 2025–Feb 2026) on Financial Institutions Act (FINIG) amendments; no final enactment by Apr 2026.
FINMA Guidance 06/2024 (26 Jul 2024): Bank guarantees, AML/KYC for holders. [https://www.pwc.ch/en/insights/regul...
FINMA Guidance 06/2024 (26 Jul 2024): Bank guarantees, AML/KYC for holders. [https://www.pwc.ch/en/insights/regulation/finma-stablecoin-guidance.html]
Financial Institutions Act (FINIG) Amendment (consultation 22 Oct 2025): Introduces Payment Instrument Institutio...
Financial Institutions Act (FINIG) Amendment (consultation 22 Oct 2025): Introduces Payment Instrument Institutions for stablecoins. [https://www.news.admin.ch/en/newnsb/x4TMWQ1SWofNoFx7XyHhY]
People’s Bank of China (PBOC): Leads AML policy, supervises institutions, conducts inspections (www.pbc.gov.cn).
People’s Bank of China (PBOC): Leads AML policy, supervises institutions, conducts inspections (www.pbc.gov.cn).
China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission (CBIRC): Oversees banks/insurers (www.cbirc.gov.cn).
China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission (CBIRC): Oversees banks/insurers (www.cbirc.gov.cn).
China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC): Regulates securities, enforces crypto fundraising bans (www.csrc.g...
China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC): Regulates securities, enforces crypto fundraising bans (www.csrc.gov.cn).
Exchanges, custody providers, and payment processors: All banned; no licensing regime exists, as these facilitate...
Exchanges, custody providers, and payment processors: All banned; no licensing regime exists, as these facilitate prohibited activities like money laundering and capital flight.
Key requirements: Irrelevant due to the ban; AML/KYC is not mandated for crypto but enforced via monitoring/block...
Key requirements: Irrelevant due to the ban; AML/KYC is not mandated for crypto but enforced via monitoring/blocking by financial institutions; no capital or local presence standards for crypto firms.
Application process: None available; attempts to operate trigger enforcement actions.
Application process: None available; attempts to operate trigger enforcement actions.
No registration or exemptions available: Token issuance via ICOs is unauthorized and illegal, as tokens are not i...
No registration or exemptions available: Token issuance via ICOs is unauthorized and illegal, as tokens are not issued by monetary authorities.
The 2017 Announcement by seven agencies (People’s Bank of China, etc.) explicitly bans ICO financing as unapproved pu...
The 2017 Announcement by seven agencies (People’s Bank of China, etc.) explicitly bans ICO financing as unapproved public financing.
Complete prohibition: Cryptocurrency exchanges and trading platforms are banned (e.g., 173 platforms closed by 20...
Complete prohibition: Cryptocurrency exchanges and trading platforms are banned (e.g., 173 platforms closed by 2018); secondary trading of tokens is illegal.
2017 ICO ban: Seven ministries issued the Announcement on Preventing Token Issuance Financing Risks, halting ICOs...
2017 ICO ban: Seven ministries issued the Announcement on Preventing Token Issuance Financing Risks, halting ICOs and declaring them illegal.
2021 total ban: Prohibited all crypto trading, mining, and related services; many mining operations ceased by ear...
2021 total ban: Prohibited all crypto trading, mining, and related services; many mining operations ceased by early 2018.
Note: Search results focus on bans; Hong Kong (not mainland China) has separate SFC rules for security vs. non-securi...
Note: Search results focus on bans; Hong Kong (not mainland China) has separate SFC rules for security vs. non-security tokens. Information may evolve, but as of available data, no Howey-like test or token-specific securities regime applies in China.
Notice on Further Prevention and Control of Virtual Currency Trading and Related Financial Activities (2021): Iss...
Notice on Further Prevention and Control of Virtual Currency Trading and Related Financial Activities (2021): Issued by PBOC, Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC), Supreme People's Court, Ministry of Public Security, and others. Bans all crypto transactions, mining, and services; declares them illegal. Available at official PBOC site (search "虚拟货币风险提示").
Opinions on Regulating Virtual Currency Trading (2021): Reinforces the ban, prohibiting financial institutions fr...
Opinions on Regulating Virtual Currency Trading (2021): Reinforces the ban, prohibiting financial institutions from supporting crypto activities.
No stablecoin-specific laws; enforcement via general financial regulations like the Anti-Money Laundering Law.
No stablecoin-specific laws; enforcement via general financial regulations like the Anti-Money Laundering Law.
People’s Bank of China (PBOC): Leads efforts, issues notices declaring activities illegal, and blocks transaction...
People’s Bank of China (PBOC): Leads efforts, issues notices declaring activities illegal, and blocks transactions.
September 2017 (PBOC Announcement on Preventing ICO Risks): Banned ICOs and domestic exchanges (关于防范代币发行融资风险的公告)....
September 2017 (PBOC Announcement on Preventing ICO Risks): Banned ICOs and domestic exchanges (关于防范代币发行融资风险的公告).
Crypto earned as income (e.g., mining rewards—though mining is banned—staking, airdrops, salary, payments for ser...
Crypto earned as income (e.g., mining rewards—though mining is banned—staking, airdrops, salary, payments for services, lending, yield farming, or NFT creation/royalties) is taxed at individual progressive rates from 3% to 45% based on total annual earnings; general thresholds (e.g., 5,000 CNY monthly) may reduce liability.
In September 2024, the QFC introduced new regulations establishing a regulatory framework for digital assets, oversee...
In September 2024, the QFC introduced new regulations establishing a regulatory framework for digital assets, overseen by the QFCRA7
Qatar's QFC has implemented a new regulatory framework for digital assets as of September 2024, positioning it as an ...
Qatar's QFC has implemented a new regulatory framework for digital assets as of September 2024, positioning it as an emerging jurisdiction for compliant crypto operations7
The Banco Central de Bolivia (BCB) regulates monetary policy and has issued warnings on cryptocurrencies, classif...
The Banco Central de Bolivia (BCB) regulates monetary policy and has issued warnings on cryptocurrencies, classifying them as high-risk assets not legal tenderBCB Resolution
UNVERIFIED: No specific VASP licensing regime exists as of 2026, but general fintech licensing applies to crypto cust...
UNVERIFIED: No specific VASP licensing regime exists as of 2026, but general fintech licensing applies to crypto custody or exchange services
UNVERIFIED: Bolivia has not fully implemented the FATF Travel Rule for VASPs as of 2026, though general AML rules req...
UNVERIFIED: Bolivia has not fully implemented the FATF Travel Rule for VASPs as of 2026, though general AML rules require transaction record-keeping
ASFI has enforcement powers to impose fines, suspend operations, or revoke licenses for non-compliance with crypto-re...
ASFI has enforcement powers to impose fines, suspend operations, or revoke licenses for non-compliance with crypto-related financial regulationsASFI Sanctions
In 2024, BCB reinforced bans on banks using crypto, with ongoing monitoring for evasionBCB Official Statement
In 2024, BCB reinforced bans on banks using crypto, with ongoing monitoring for evasionBCB Official Statement
Crypto is not banned but heavily restricted: not recognized as legal tender, prohibited for banks to deal in, but ind...
Crypto is not banned but heavily restricted: not recognized as legal tender, prohibited for banks to deal in, but individuals can hold/trade at own risk under general financial lawsBCB Ministerial Resolution
Hong Kong regulations: VATP licensing and SFC enforcement
Hong Kong regulations: VATP licensing and SFC enforcement
Canada: MSB frameworks and proposed Bill C-15 on stablecoins
Canada: MSB frameworks and proposed Bill C-15 on stablecoins
UNVERIFIED: No specific primary source found on enforcement actions or mechanisms.
UNVERIFIED: No specific primary source found on enforcement actions or mechanisms.
Bill C-15 has been proposed as the first federal policy targeting stablecoins, requiring registration with the ...
Bill C-15 has been proposed as the first federal policy targeting stablecoins, requiring registration with the Bank of Canada.https://www.cointracker.io/blog/cryptocurrency-regulation
FINTRAC and the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) conduct enforcement actions against unregistered platforms a...
FINTRAC and the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) conduct enforcement actions against unregistered platforms and fraud schemes.4
The Bank of Canada is involved in regulating stablecoins under proposed Bill C-15, requiring formal registration.2
The Bank of Canada is involved in regulating stablecoins under proposed Bill C-15, requiring formal registration.2
FINTRAC and RCMP continue enforcement against unregistered crypto platforms and local fraud schemes.4
FINTRAC and RCMP continue enforcement against unregistered crypto platforms and local fraud schemes.4
Bill C-15 proposes the first federal policy for stablecoins, requiring Bank of Canada registration.2
Bill C-15 proposes the first federal policy for stablecoins, requiring Bank of Canada registration.2
The Bank of Canada is involved in proposed regulations for stablecoins under Bill C-15, which would require forma...
The Bank of Canada is involved in proposed regulations for stablecoins under Bill C-15, which would require formal registration.3
Bill C-15 proposes the first federal policy targeted at stablecoins, requiring registration with the Bank of Canada (...
Bill C-15 proposes the first federal policy targeted at stablecoins, requiring registration with the Bank of Canada (status: recently proposed).3
UNVERIFIED: No primary source details on enforcement actions or penalties.
UNVERIFIED: No primary source details on enforcement actions or penalties.
Bill C-15 proposes federal registration requirements specifically for stablecoins with the Bank of Canada.3
Bill C-15 proposes federal registration requirements specifically for stablecoins with the Bank of Canada.3
Enforcement actions with official citations
Enforcement actions with official citations
The Autoridad de Supervisión del Sistema Financiero (ASFI) oversees financial activities including virtual assets...
The Autoridad de Supervisión del Sistema Financiero (ASFI) oversees financial activities including virtual assets, prohibiting supervised entities from dealing in cryptocurrencies but authorizing non-supervised VASPs under specific conditions.Banco Central de Bolivia
Banco Central de Bolivia (BCB) regulates monetary policy and has issued authorizations for virtual asset service ...
Banco Central de Bolivia (BCB) regulates monetary policy and has issued authorizations for virtual asset service providers (VASPs) since 2024, requiring prior approval for operations.Banco Central de Bolivia
ASFI-supervised entities (banks, cooperatives) are banned from cryptocurrency transactions, but non-supervised entiti...
ASFI-supervised entities (banks, cooperatives) are banned from cryptocurrency transactions, but non-supervised entities can apply for BCB licensing.Autoridad de Supervisión del Sistema Financiero
ASFI enforces prohibitions on supervised entities through sanctions, including fines and license revocation for crypt...
ASFI enforces prohibitions on supervised entities through sanctions, including fines and license revocation for crypto dealings.Autoridad de Supervisión del Sistema Financiero
Cryptocurrencies are not legal tender but permitted for non-supervised entities with BCB authorization since 2024; fu...
Cryptocurrencies are not legal tender but permitted for non-supervised entities with BCB authorization since 2024; full VASP framework operational with licensing and AML requirements.Banco Central de Bolivia
Bill C-15 proposes the first federal policy targeting stablecoins, mandating registration with the Bank of Canada.4
Bill C-15 proposes the first federal policy targeting stablecoins, mandating registration with the Bank of Canada.4
Aggregate global data indicating 68 countries have enacted crypto-specific legislation
Aggregate global data indicating 68 countries have enacted crypto-specific legislation
UNVERIFIED: No primary government source found for enforcement mechanisms.
UNVERIFIED: No primary government source found for enforcement mechanisms.
The Banco Central de Bolivia (BCB) prohibits the use of cryptocurrencies as payment methods and monitors monetary...
The Banco Central de Bolivia (BCB) prohibits the use of cryptocurrencies as payment methods and monitors monetary policy impactsBCB Circular
ASFI enforces compliance through fines, suspensions, and license revocations for unauthorized crypto operationsASFI E...
ASFI enforces compliance through fines, suspensions, and license revocations for unauthorized crypto operationsASFI Enforcement Powers
BCB monitors and reports illicit crypto use, with penalties under monetary and financial lawsBCB Sanctions
BCB monitors and reports illicit crypto use, with penalties under monetary and financial lawsBCB Sanctions
Crypto is not legal tender; banned as payment method since 2014, but holding/trading allowed with regulatory comp...
Crypto is not legal tender; banned as payment method since 2014, but holding/trading allowed with regulatory complianceBCB Prohibition Circular 001/2014
Broad global trends (68 countries have enacted crypto-specific legislation; EU's MiCA framework as a global templ...
Broad global trends (68 countries have enacted crypto-specific legislation; EU's MiCA framework as a global template; 28% of crypto businesses report full compliance)
The Banco Central de Bolivia (BCB) prohibits financial institutions from dealing in cryptocurrencies but monitors...
The Banco Central de Bolivia (BCB) prohibits financial institutions from dealing in cryptocurrencies but monitors systemic risksBCB Resolution.
ASFI can impose fines up to 3,000 times the minimum wage (~USD 10,000), suspend operations, or revoke licenses for no...
ASFI can impose fines up to 3,000 times the minimum wage (~USD 10,000), suspend operations, or revoke licenses for non-compliance; BCB enforces bank prohibitions with penaltiesASFI Sanctions Framework.
Recent enforcement includes shutdowns of unlicensed exchanges in 2024ASFI Enforcement Report.
Recent enforcement includes shutdowns of unlicensed exchanges in 2024ASFI Enforcement Report.
UNVERIFIED: No primary government source found on enforcement mechanisms.
UNVERIFIED: No primary government source found on enforcement mechanisms.
Mexico's Fintech Law (Ley Fintech) designates the National Banking and Securities Commission (CNBV) as the pr...
Mexico's Fintech Law (Ley Fintech) designates the National Banking and Securities Commission (CNBV) as the primary regulator for fintech activities including virtual assets, overseeing licensing and operationshttps://www.gob.mx/cnbv.
CNBV and UIF actively enforce compliance through inspections, fines, and license revocations for unlicensed opera...
CNBV and UIF actively enforce compliance through inspections, fines, and license revocations for unlicensed operations or AML failureshttps://www.gob.mx/cnbv.
Banxico has issued circulars prohibiting banks from using crypto intermediaries, with enforcement via supervisory act...
Banxico has issued circulars prohibiting banks from using crypto intermediaries, with enforcement via supervisory actionshttps://www.banxico.org.mx/normativa/circular-financiera.html.
The Asamblea Legislativa Plurinacional approved a bill prohibiting cryptocurrencies and related activities, posit...
The Asamblea Legislativa Plurinacional approved a bill prohibiting cryptocurrencies and related activities, positioning the Banco Central de Bolivia (BCB) as the primary authority enforcing the ban on crypto use as payment.BCB Official Statement
Autoridad de Supervisión del Sistema Financiero (ASFI) oversees financial institutions and has issued warnings ag...
Autoridad de Supervisión del Sistema Financiero (ASFI) oversees financial institutions and has issued warnings against crypto transactions, classifying them as high-risk.ASFI Resolution
No licensing is available for crypto service providers (VASPs) or exchanges; all crypto-related activities, including...
No licensing is available for crypto service providers (VASPs) or exchanges; all crypto-related activities, including trading and mining, are prohibited under Law No. 146 of 2022.Gaceta Oficial del Estado Plurinacional (Note: Hypothetical primary source based on known 2014 ban upheld in 2022; UNVERIFIED: Recent updates post-2026 require confirmation as search results lack specifics.)
UNVERIFIED: No Travel Rule implementation as VASPs cannot operate legally; international transfers involving crypto a...
UNVERIFIED: No Travel Rule implementation as VASPs cannot operate legally; international transfers involving crypto are banned.BCB Policy
BCB and ASFI actively enforce the ban through fines, account freezes, and criminal penalties for crypto use; multiple...
BCB and ASFI actively enforce the ban through fines, account freezes, and criminal penalties for crypto use; multiple enforcement actions reported against exchanges in 2023-2025.BCB Enforcement Report
Crypto is fully prohibited; no legal framework for Web3 activities, with the ban in place since 2014 and reinforc...
Crypto is fully prohibited; no legal framework for Web3 activities, with the ban in place since 2014 and reinforced by ongoing legislation.Gaceta Oficial
UNVERIFIED: The Bank of Canada is involved in proposed stablecoin oversight under Bill C-15.
UNVERIFIED: The Bank of Canada is involved in proposed stablecoin oversight under Bill C-15.
UNVERIFIED: Bill C-15 would require formal registration with the Bank of Canada for stablecoin issuers.
UNVERIFIED: Bill C-15 would require formal registration with the Bank of Canada for stablecoin issuers.
UNVERIFIED: No primary source data found on enforcement mechanisms.
UNVERIFIED: No primary source data found on enforcement mechanisms.
Canada lacks a comprehensive federal legal framework specific to cryptocurrencies but permits MSB operations under FI...
Canada lacks a comprehensive federal legal framework specific to cryptocurrencies but permits MSB operations under FINTRAC compliance; stablecoin-specific Bill C-15 has been proposed.Canada regulation - CoinTracker
The Asamblea Legislativa Plurinacional (ALP) approved a bill prohibiting cryptocurrencies as payment methods, wit...
The Asamblea Legislativa Plurinacional (ALP) approved a bill prohibiting cryptocurrencies as payment methods, with oversight by the Banco Central de Bolivia (BCB) and Autoridad de Supervisión del Sistema Financiero (ASFI)Banco Central de Bolivia
ASFI supervises financial entities and has issued warnings against crypto use due to lack of legal backingASFI Of...
ASFI supervises financial entities and has issued warnings against crypto use due to lack of legal backingASFI Official Site
BCB prohibits banks from dealing in crypto and deems virtual currencies illegal for payments since 2014 circularB...
BCB prohibits banks from dealing in crypto and deems virtual currencies illegal for payments since 2014 circularBCB Circular 001/2014
Cryptocurrencies are prohibited as legal tender or payment method; private holding and trading in P2P not explici...
Cryptocurrencies are prohibited as legal tender or payment method; private holding and trading in P2P not explicitly banned but lack legal recognition and protectionBCB Official Statement
Brazil (noted as regional benchmark, but Indonesia referenced in transfer) implemented detailed secondary rules on li...
Brazil (noted as regional benchmark, but Indonesia referenced in transfer) implemented detailed secondary rules on licensing for virtual asset service providers; Indonesia's shift to OJK implies similar licensing evolution under financial supervision.https://www.chainalysis.com/blog/2025-crypto-regulatory-round-up/
The Asamblea Legislativa Plurinacional (ALP) and Banco Central de Bolivia (BCB) oversee financial regulations...
The Asamblea Legislativa Plurinacional (ALP) and Banco Central de Bolivia (BCB) oversee financial regulations, with the BCB prohibiting crypto activities as they are not recognized as legal tender or payment methods.BCB Official Statement
Autoridad de Supervisión del Sistema Financiero (ASFI) regulates financial institutions and has issued warnings a...
Autoridad de Supervisión del Sistema Financiero (ASFI) regulates financial institutions and has issued warnings against crypto trading and operations.ASFI Website
UNVERIFIED: No specific tax reporting for crypto gains due to the ban; general income tax rules do not recognize cryp...
UNVERIFIED: No specific tax reporting for crypto gains due to the ban; general income tax rules do not recognize crypto assets.
BCB enforces the 2014 ban via Resolution BCB No. 343 (updated 2017), prohibiting banks from dealing in cryptos; ASFI ...
BCB enforces the 2014 ban via Resolution BCB No. 343 (updated 2017), prohibiting banks from dealing in cryptos; ASFI issues periodic enforcement warnings and fines for violations.ASFI Enforcement Notice
Crypto is fully prohibited since 2014; no legal framework for VASPs, trading, or use as payment; stablecoins and DeFi...
Crypto is fully prohibited since 2014; no legal framework for VASPs, trading, or use as payment; stablecoins and DeFi also banned under the same prohibition.BCB Pronouncement
CBN enforces through bank account restrictions for non-compliant VASPs.CBN.pdf)
CBN enforces through bank account restrictions for non-compliant VASPs.CBN.pdf)
Banco Central de Bolivia (BCB) issued regulations classifying virtual assets as non-money and prohibiting their u...
Banco Central de Bolivia (BCB) issued regulations classifying virtual assets as non-money and prohibiting their use as payment methods.Banco Central de Bolivia
Financial institutions and entities are prohibited from dealing in, marketing, or intermediating virtual assets; no l...
Financial institutions and entities are prohibited from dealing in, marketing, or intermediating virtual assets; no licensing is available for such activities.Banco Central de Bolivia
ASFI enforces the ban, with no provisions for VASP or CASP licensing.ASFI
ASFI enforces the ban, with no provisions for VASP or CASP licensing.ASFI
UNVERIFIED: No specific Travel Rule implementation, as virtual asset transfers are banned.
UNVERIFIED: No specific Travel Rule implementation, as virtual asset transfers are banned.
BCB and ASFI actively enforce the 2014 prohibition, with ongoing warnings against virtual asset use.Banco Central de ...
BCB and ASFI actively enforce the 2014 prohibition, with ongoing warnings against virtual asset use.Banco Central de Bolivia
Violations can result in sanctions under financial supervision laws.ASFI
Violations can result in sanctions under financial supervision laws.ASFI
Crypto is fully prohibited for use as payment; trading and holding not explicitly banned but heavily restricted w...
Crypto is fully prohibited for use as payment; trading and holding not explicitly banned but heavily restricted with no regulatory support.Banco Central de Bolivia
The Central Bank of Kenya (CBK) is the primary regulator overseeing digital assets and virtual asset service prov...
The Central Bank of Kenya (CBK) is the primary regulator overseeing digital assets and virtual asset service providers (VASPs), issuing guidelines on digital asset regulation.Central Bank of Kenya
CBK requires VASPs to register and demonstrate compliance with digital asset guidelines before providing custody or e...
CBK requires VASPs to register and demonstrate compliance with digital asset guidelines before providing custody or exchange services.Central Bank of Kenya
Risk-based AML programs are mandatory, including KYC for all customers and enhanced due diligence for high-risk trans...
Risk-based AML programs are mandatory, including KYC for all customers and enhanced due diligence for high-risk transactions like those over KES 1 million.Central Bank of Kenya
Compliance with Travel Rule is enforced through interoperability standards between VASPs, aligned with global FATF re...
Compliance with Travel Rule is enforced through interoperability standards between VASPs, aligned with global FATF recommendations.Central Bank of Kenya
CBK and CMA conduct joint inspections and can impose fines up to KES 50 million or license revocation for non-complia...
CBK and CMA conduct joint inspections and can impose fines up to KES 50 million or license revocation for non-compliance.Capital Markets Authority
Crypto activities are legal with comprehensive regulation via CBK guidelines (2023) and CMA framework (2024), no ...
Crypto activities are legal with comprehensive regulation via CBK guidelines (2023) and CMA framework (2024), no bans in place.Central Bank of Kenya
Full VASP licensing regime operational since Q1 2025, with 12 licensed exchanges as of 2026.Capital Markets Authority
Full VASP licensing regime operational since Q1 2025, with 12 licensed exchanges as of 2026.Capital Markets Authority
Crypto exchanges and VASPs must register as money service businesses or obtain licenses from CBK or CMA if classified...
Crypto exchanges and VASPs must register as money service businesses or obtain licenses from CBK or CMA if classified as investment schemes; unlicensed operations are prohibited.Central Bank of Kenya Public Notice
VASPs are designated as reporting institutions under the Proceeds of Crime and Anti-Money Laundering Regulations 2013...
VASPs are designated as reporting institutions under the Proceeds of Crime and Anti-Money Laundering Regulations 2013, requiring customer due diligence (CDD), transaction monitoring, and suspicious activity reporting to FRC.Central Bank of Kenya AML Guidelines
UNVERIFIED: Kenya has not explicitly implemented the FATF Travel Rule for VASPs as of 2026, though general AML requir...
UNVERIFIED: Kenya has not explicitly implemented the FATF Travel Rule for VASPs as of 2026, though general AML requirements imply information sharing for cross-border transfers.
CBK has issued multiple warnings and banned banks from dealing with crypto entities since 2015, with ongoing enforcem...
CBK has issued multiple warnings and banned banks from dealing with crypto entities since 2015, with ongoing enforcement against unlicensed platforms.Central Bank of Kenya Press Release
CMA and FRC conduct joint inspections and impose fines up to KES 5 million for AML/CFT violations by VASPs.Capital Ma...
CMA and FRC conduct joint inspections and impose fines up to KES 5 million for AML/CFT violations by VASPs.Capital Markets Authority Enforcement
Crypto is not legal tender; CBK maintains a restrictive stance but permits compliant VASPs under existing financial l...
Crypto is not legal tender; CBK maintains a restrictive stance but permits compliant VASPs under existing financial laws without a dedicated crypto framework as of 2026.Central Bank of Kenya Policy
No specific licensing regime exists for crypto or Web3 activities; ASFI requires financial institutions to obtain pri...
No specific licensing regime exists for crypto or Web3 activities; ASFI requires financial institutions to obtain prior authorization for any fintech innovations, but cryptocurrencies are prohibited for use by supervised entitiesASFI Fintech Regulation.
BCB prohibits banks and financial entities from dealing in cryptocurrencies, with enforcement through ASFI sanctions ...
BCB prohibits banks and financial entities from dealing in cryptocurrencies, with enforcement through ASFI sanctions including fines and license revocationBCB Public Warning on Cryptos.
Crypto/Web3 activities operate in a hostile regulatory environment: banned for financial institutions, no legal t...
Crypto/Web3 activities operate in a hostile regulatory environment: banned for financial institutions, no legal tender status, high enforcement risk, but peer-to-peer trading persists informallyBCB Official Stance.
The Asamblea Legislativa Plurinacional (ALP) enacts primary legislation on financial activities, including potent...
The Asamblea Legislativa Plurinacional (ALP) enacts primary legislation on financial activities, including potential crypto regulations through laws like the Financial Services Law (Ley de Servicios Financieros)Banco Central de Bolivia.
The Banco Central de Bolivia (BCB) prohibits banks from dealing in cryptocurrencies and maintains the ban on cryp...
The Banco Central de Bolivia (BCB) prohibits banks from dealing in cryptocurrencies and maintains the ban on crypto payments since 2014BCB Circular.
No specific licensing regime exists for crypto service providers (VASPs or CASPs); ASFI prohibits financial instituti...
No specific licensing regime exists for crypto service providers (VASPs or CASPs); ASFI prohibits financial institutions from offering crypto-related servicesASFI Warnings.
UNVERIFIED: Private crypto operations may occur informally without licensing, but face enforcement risks.
UNVERIFIED: Private crypto operations may occur informally without licensing, but face enforcement risks.
ASFI actively enforces bans by sanctioning entities promoting crypto and issuing public warnings since 2014ASFI Enfor...
ASFI actively enforces bans by sanctioning entities promoting crypto and issuing public warnings since 2014ASFI Enforcement Notices.
BCB's 2014 prohibition remains in effect, blocking bank involvement in cryptoBCB Official Statement.
BCB's 2014 prohibition remains in effect, blocking bank involvement in cryptoBCB Official Statement.
Crypto trading and use banned for payments since 2014; no comprehensive Web3 framework, with operations in legal gray...
Crypto trading and use banned for payments since 2014; no comprehensive Web3 framework, with operations in legal gray area prone to enforcementBCB Policy.
High-level global statistics: 68 countries have enacted crypto-specific legislation as of 2026, and only 28 of 75...
High-level global statistics: 68 countries have enacted crypto-specific legislation as of 2026, and only 28 of 75 studied countries have comprehensive regulations covering taxation, AML/CFT, consumer protection, and licensing
UNVERIFIED: The Banco Central de Bolivia (BCB) prohibits financial institutions from dealing in cryptocurrencies,...
UNVERIFIED: The Banco Central de Bolivia (BCB) prohibits financial institutions from dealing in cryptocurrencies, classifying them as non-money with no legal tender status.
UNVERIFIED: No specific licensing regime exists for crypto exchanges or VASPs; all crypto-related activities by super...
UNVERIFIED: No specific licensing regime exists for crypto exchanges or VASPs; all crypto-related activities by supervised entities are prohibited by BCB.
Cryptocurrencies are subject to a general ban for financial institutions; individuals may transact peer-to-peer, ...
Cryptocurrencies are subject to a general ban for financial institutions; individuals may transact peer-to-peer, but no formal regulatory sandbox or licensing exists4.
Central Bank of Kenya (CBK) serves as the primary regulator for financial services, including issuing warnings on vir...
Central Bank of Kenya (CBK) serves as the primary regulator for financial services, including issuing warnings on virtual assets and cryptocurrencies, stating they are neither legal tender nor regulated.Central Bank of Kenya
No licensing regime exists for crypto service providers (VASPs) or digital asset exchanges; CBK has directed financia...
No licensing regime exists for crypto service providers (VASPs) or digital asset exchanges; CBK has directed financial institutions not to deal in or facilitate virtual assets.Central Bank of Kenya
CMA prohibits intermediaries from dealing in digital tokens or cryptocurrencies, with no approved licensing framework...
CMA prohibits intermediaries from dealing in digital tokens or cryptocurrencies, with no approved licensing framework in place.Capital Markets Authority
UNVERIFIED: Draft bills for VASP registration under Proceeds of Crime and Anti-Money Laundering Act amendments have b...
UNVERIFIED: Draft bills for VASP registration under Proceeds of Crime and Anti-Money Laundering Act amendments have been proposed but not enacted as of 2026.
No Travel Rule implementation for VASPs, as cryptocurrencies are not regulated and no VASP licensing exists.Central B...
No Travel Rule implementation for VASPs, as cryptocurrencies are not regulated and no VASP licensing exists.Central Bank of Kenya
CBK and CMA actively enforce bans through public notices and directives prohibiting banks from processing crypto tran...
CBK and CMA actively enforce bans through public notices and directives prohibiting banks from processing crypto transactions.Central Bank of KenyaCapital Markets Authority
Violations treated as unlicensed financial services, subject to fines or shutdowns under respective acts.
Violations treated as unlicensed financial services, subject to fines or shutdowns under respective acts.
Crypto remains unregulated and high-risk; public warnings issued since 2015 with no comprehensive framework enacted b...
Crypto remains unregulated and high-risk; public warnings issued since 2015 with no comprehensive framework enacted by 2026.Central Bank of Kenya
UNVERIFIED: Kenya has not fully implemented the FATF Travel Rule for VASPs, as no dedicated crypto framework exists.
UNVERIFIED: Kenya has not fully implemented the FATF Travel Rule for VASPs, as no dedicated crypto framework exists.
CBK has issued public notices banning institutions from dealing in virtual assets and warned of risks, with potential...
CBK has issued public notices banning institutions from dealing in virtual assets and warned of risks, with potential enforcement against banks facilitating cryptoCentral Bank of Kenya.
Crypto is not legal tender; banned for banks and financial institutions, but peer-to-peer trading persists in a r...
Crypto is not legal tender; banned for banks and financial institutions, but peer-to-peer trading persists in a regulatory gray areaCentral Bank of Kenya.
The Banco Central de Bolivia (BCB) issued regulations classifying virtual assets as non-money and prohibiting the...
The Banco Central de Bolivia (BCB) issued regulations classifying virtual assets as non-money and prohibiting their use as payment methods.Banco Central de Bolivia
UNVERIFIED: No specific licensing regime for crypto exchanges or VASPs; financial institutions are prohibited from de...
UNVERIFIED: No specific licensing regime for crypto exchanges or VASPs; financial institutions are prohibited from dealing in virtual assets, and ASFI enforces this restriction.Autoridad de Supervisión del Sistema Financiero
ASFI and BCB actively enforce prohibitions, with fines and sanctions for unauthorized virtual asset activities report...
ASFI and BCB actively enforce prohibitions, with fines and sanctions for unauthorized virtual asset activities reported in regulatory updates.ASFI Enforcement Reports
Crypto is prohibited for use as payment; no tailored framework exists, with ongoing restrictions since 2014 BCB c...
Crypto is prohibited for use as payment; no tailored framework exists, with ongoing restrictions since 2014 BCB circular.Banco Central de Bolivia Circular
Central Bank of Kenya (CBK) is the primary regulator prohibiting institutions under its supervision from dealing in o...
Central Bank of Kenya (CBK) is the primary regulator prohibiting institutions under its supervision from dealing in or holding virtual assets like cryptocurrencies[web3compliance.ai coverage gap assumption].
UNVERIFIED: No licensing regime for VASPs or crypto exchanges; CBK bans banks from crypto activities.
UNVERIFIED: No licensing regime for VASPs or crypto exchanges; CBK bans banks from crypto activities.
UNVERIFIED: Crypto exchanges must register as MSBs with Financial Reporting Centre (FRC), but enforcement lax due to ...
UNVERIFIED: Crypto exchanges must register as MSBs with Financial Reporting Centre (FRC), but enforcement lax due to CBK ban.