Regulatory Intelligence
AI-maintained daily updates on crypto regulations worldwide. Newest first — page 20 of 42.
Crypto is regulated but restricted: Legal tender ban persists (since 2014), but Supreme Decree No. 5191 (2024) in...
Crypto is regulated but restricted: Legal tender ban persists (since 2014), but Supreme Decree No. 5191 (2024) introduces VASP framework for innovation while maintaining oversightOfficial Gazette DS 5191
UNVERIFIED: USA shows SEC/CFTC jurisdictional developments (e.g., FIT21, CLARITY Act 2025, Bitnomial case), state enf...
UNVERIFIED: USA shows SEC/CFTC jurisdictional developments (e.g., FIT21, CLARITY Act 2025, Bitnomial case), state enforcement, but coveredGlobal Legal Insights USA
BCB enforces the ban on crypto as payment method through Circular 065/2022, with penalties for financial institutions...
BCB enforces the ban on crypto as payment method through Circular 065/2022, with penalties for financial institutions facilitating such use.BCB Circular
Partial regulatory framework in place since 2022, focusing on VASPs; no comprehensive licensing or stablecoin rules.A...
Partial regulatory framework in place since 2022, focusing on VASPs; no comprehensive licensing or stablecoin rules.ASFI Framework
UNVERIFIED: Crypto exchanges must register as Virtual Asset Service Providers (VASPs) under the Prevention of Money L...
UNVERIFIED: Crypto exchanges must register as Virtual Asset Service Providers (VASPs) under the Prevention of Money Laundering and Financing of Terrorism (Amendment) Regulations 2023 if they engage in reporting activities.
UNVERIFIED: Capital gains from crypto are subject to 15% tax under the Income Tax Act, with transactions reported via...
UNVERIFIED: Capital gains from crypto are subject to 15% tax under the Income Tax Act, with transactions reported via iTax portal, but no specific crypto guidance issued.
Crypto is not banned outright but heavily restricted: no legal recognition, banking prohibition, and public warni...
Crypto is not banned outright but heavily restricted: no legal recognition, banking prohibition, and public warnings against use.Central Bank of Kenya
Draft regulations for VASPs were proposed in 2024 by CBK but remain unimplemented as of 2026.[UNVERIFIED: No primary ...
Draft regulations for VASPs were proposed in 2024 by CBK but remain unimplemented as of 2026.[UNVERIFIED: No primary source confirming passage]
FINTRAC and the Royal Canadian Mounted Police conduct enforcement actions against unregistered platforms and frau...
FINTRAC and the Royal Canadian Mounted Police conduct enforcement actions against unregistered platforms and fraud schemes.5
Stablecoin regulation is advancing via proposed Bill C-15 requiring Bank of Canada registration; Circle’s USDC an...
Stablecoin regulation is advancing via proposed Bill C-15 requiring Bank of Canada registration; Circle’s USDC and QCAD plan compliance.5
The Banco Central de Bolivia (BCB) maintains the prohibition on crypto as legal tender but monitors fintech innov...
The Banco Central de Bolivia (BCB) maintains the prohibition on crypto as legal tender but monitors fintech innovations under Resolution 071/2023BCB Resolution
ASFI imposes fines up to 500,000 UFV (~$30,000 USD) and license revocation for non-compliance with VASP regulationsAS...
ASFI imposes fines up to 500,000 UFV (~$30,000 USD) and license revocation for non-compliance with VASP regulationsASFI Sanctions Regime
BCB and ASFI conduct joint inspections; unlicensed operations prohibited since 2014 central bank ban updateBCB Prohib...
BCB and ASFI conduct joint inspections; unlicensed operations prohibited since 2014 central bank ban updateBCB Prohibition
ASFI requires licensing for any financial technology services, but crypto-specific activities remain unapproved and r...
ASFI requires licensing for any financial technology services, but crypto-specific activities remain unapproved and restrictedASFI Fintech Guidelines.
ASFI conducts audits and can impose sanctions on entities engaging in unauthorized financial activities, including po...
ASFI conducts audits and can impose sanctions on entities engaging in unauthorized financial activities, including potential crypto dealingsASFI Sanctions.
Cryptocurrencies are not recognized as legal tender; a nationwide ban prevents their use in payments by supervise...
Cryptocurrencies are not recognized as legal tender; a nationwide ban prevents their use in payments by supervised entities since 2014BCB Ban.
No comprehensive crypto regulatory framework exists as of 2026; peer-to-peer trading occurs informally but outside re...
No comprehensive crypto regulatory framework exists as of 2026; peer-to-peer trading occurs informally but outside regulated channelsASFI Position.
Regulators and law enforcement, including FINTRAC and the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP), bring enforcement act...
Regulators and law enforcement, including FINTRAC and the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP), bring enforcement actions against unregistered platforms
UNVERIFIED: No comprehensive federal licensing regime for VASPs beyond MSB registration
UNVERIFIED: No comprehensive federal licensing regime for VASPs beyond MSB registration
FINTRAC continues enforcement against unregistered platforms and fraud schemes
FINTRAC continues enforcement against unregistered platforms and fraud schemes
Proposed Bill C-15 targets stablecoins, requiring registration with the Bank of Canada
Proposed Bill C-15 targets stablecoins, requiring registration with the Bank of Canada
Regulators including FINTRAC continue enforcement against non-compliant entities.5
Regulators including FINTRAC continue enforcement against non-compliant entities.5
ASFI enforces restrictions, warning that crypto use by supervised institutions risks sanctions.ASFI
ASFI enforces restrictions, warning that crypto use by supervised institutions risks sanctions.ASFI
Cryptocurrencies are prohibited for use by financial institutions; no comprehensive regulatory framework for VASP...
Cryptocurrencies are prohibited for use by financial institutions; no comprehensive regulatory framework for VASPs or public trading, positioning Bolivia among jurisdictions lacking crypto regulation.Banco Central de Bolivia
Ongoing informal adoption exists via P2P platforms despite official bans.ASFI
Ongoing informal adoption exists via P2P platforms despite official bans.ASFI
UNVERIFIED: No comprehensive licensing regime exists beyond FIU registration and PMLA compliance; state-level money t...
UNVERIFIED: No comprehensive licensing regime exists beyond FIU registration and PMLA compliance; state-level money transmitter licenses may apply.
Offshore exchanges targeting Indian users face enforcement actions for non-complianceMinistry of Finance.
Offshore exchanges targeting Indian users face enforcement actions for non-complianceMinistry of Finance.
FIU-IND has imposed fines and banned non-compliant offshore exchanges like Binance and KuCoinFIU-IND.
FIU-IND has imposed fines and banned non-compliant offshore exchanges like Binance and KuCoinFIU-IND.
RBI continues to caution banks against crypto dealings despite 2020 Supreme Court ruling lifting banking banReserve B...
RBI continues to caution banks against crypto dealings despite 2020 Supreme Court ruling lifting banking banReserve Bank of India.
UNVERIFIED: No specific licensing regime for VASPs; virtual assets are not recognized as legal tender or securities, ...
UNVERIFIED: No specific licensing regime for VASPs; virtual assets are not recognized as legal tender or securities, and operations are restricted for supervised entitiesASFI Official Site
ASFI issued Aviso 01/2024 prohibiting supervised entities from providing investment advice or services involving virt...
ASFI issued Aviso 01/2024 prohibiting supervised entities from providing investment advice or services involving virtual assetsASFI Official Site
BCB enforces ongoing ban on crypto transactions by banks since 2014, with reaffirmations in recent yearsBCB Official ...
BCB enforces ongoing ban on crypto transactions by banks since 2014, with reaffirmations in recent yearsBCB Official Site
Crypto assets are not legal tender; financial institutions banned from crypto dealings, creating a restrictive en...
Crypto assets are not legal tender; financial institutions banned from crypto dealings, creating a restrictive environment for VASPsBCB Resolution
Provinces like Ontario have additional requirements; stablecoin-specific Bill C-15 proposed
Provinces like Ontario have additional requirements; stablecoin-specific Bill C-15 proposed
The BCB (Banco Central de Bolivia) maintains a prohibition on crypto transactions but monitors digital assets thr...
The BCB (Banco Central de Bolivia) maintains a prohibition on crypto transactions but monitors digital assets through financial stability reportsBCB Official Site
BCB enforces strict prohibition on use of cryptos as payment since 2014, with penalties for banks facilitating cr...
BCB enforces strict prohibition on use of cryptos as payment since 2014, with penalties for banks facilitating crypto; no VASP enforcement cases reportedBCB Circular 001/2014
CBN requires banks interfacing with VASPs to conduct due diligence and obtain CBN approval.CBN.pdf)
CBN requires banks interfacing with VASPs to conduct due diligence and obtain CBN approval.CBN.pdf)
Bill C-15, proposed federally, would require stablecoin issuers to formally register with the Bank of Canada.4
Bill C-15, proposed federally, would require stablecoin issuers to formally register with the Bank of Canada.4
FINTRAC and regulators continue enforcement actions against unregistered platforms.5
FINTRAC and regulators continue enforcement actions against unregistered platforms.5
The Central Bank of Kenya has powers to regulate crypto used for payments, as contemplated in recent frameworks.Ondato
The Central Bank of Kenya has powers to regulate crypto used for payments, as contemplated in recent frameworks.Ondato
UNVERIFIED: Enforcement focuses on strengthening AML controls to address high crypto adoption and FATF gray list exit.
UNVERIFIED: Enforcement focuses on strengthening AML controls to address high crypto adoption and FATF gray list exit.
- CBN requires banks servicing VASPs to maintain segregated accounts and comply with KYC for virtual asset transactio...
- CBN requires banks servicing VASPs to maintain segregated accounts and comply with KYC for virtual asset transactions.CBN
- CBN imposed a crypto banking ban in 2021 but lifted it in 2023 with strict guidelines; violations lead to account f...
- CBN imposed a crypto banking ban in 2021 but lifted it in 2023 with strict guidelines; violations lead to account freezes and penalties.CBN
The Financial Investigation Agency (FIA) handles AML/CFT enforcement and suspicious activity reporting for virtua...
The Financial Investigation Agency (FIA) handles AML/CFT enforcement and suspicious activity reporting for virtual assets.BVI FIA - AML Guidance
The FSC can impose fines up to USD 1 million, revoke licenses, or pursue criminal penalties for unlicensed VASP activ...
The FSC can impose fines up to USD 1 million, revoke licenses, or pursue criminal penalties for unlicensed VASP activities or AML breaches.Virtual Assets Service Providers Act, 2022 - Enforcement
Recent enforcement includes warnings to unlicensed platforms and collaboration with international regulators.BVI FSC ...
Recent enforcement includes warnings to unlicensed platforms and collaboration with international regulators.BVI FSC Enforcement Notices
In 2025, enforcement targeted non-compliant stablecoin issuers ahead of new rules
In 2025, enforcement targeted non-compliant stablecoin issuers ahead of new rules
UNVERIFIED: Crypto falls outside AML/CFT scope due to outright ban, with no VASP registration framework
UNVERIFIED: Crypto falls outside AML/CFT scope due to outright ban, with no VASP registration framework
BCB maintains a 2014 ban on financial institutions using crypto as payment method, extended by 2024 legislative p...
BCB maintains a 2014 ban on financial institutions using crypto as payment method, extended by 2024 legislative prohibition[https://www.bcb.gob.bo/?q=content/central-bank-bolivia-prohibits-cryptocurrencies]
ASFI issued directives in 2021 reinforcing the ban, with penalties for non-compliance[https://www.asfi.gob.bo/ind...
ASFI issued directives in 2021 reinforcing the ban, with penalties for non-compliance[https://www.asfi.gob.bo/index.php/noticias/asfi-prohibe-operaciones-con-criptoactivos]
Crypto is fully prohibited; 2024 law bans all transactions, purchases, and use as payment[https://www.bcb.gob.bo/...
Crypto is fully prohibited; 2024 law bans all transactions, purchases, and use as payment[https://www.bcb.gob.bo/?q=content/central-bank-bolivia-prohibits-cryptocurrencies]
General global trends (33% of jurisdictions lack regulatory frameworks)
General global trends (33% of jurisdictions lack regulatory frameworks)
Central bank or financial regulator announcements
Central bank or financial regulator announcements
UNVERIFIED: No Travel Rule implementation for VASPs, as crypto transfers are not regulated and banks are prohibited f...
UNVERIFIED: No Travel Rule implementation for VASPs, as crypto transfers are not regulated and banks are prohibited from involvementBCB Official Website.
BCB enforces bans via resolutions, with penalties for non-compliance including fines and sanctions on financial entit...
BCB enforces bans via resolutions, with penalties for non-compliance including fines and sanctions on financial entitiesBCB Resolution 071/2014.
CBN requires VASPs to open accounts with licensed banks and comply with KYC/AML before providing services.CBN.pdf)
CBN requires VASPs to open accounts with licensed banks and comply with KYC/AML before providing services.CBN.pdf)
CBN can impose penalties on banks facilitating unregistered VASP activities, with recent enforcement against non-comp...
CBN can impose penalties on banks facilitating unregistered VASP activities, with recent enforcement against non-compliant platforms.CBN.pdf)
UNVERIFIED: Enforcement actions are handled through FINTRAC for MSB compliance, but no detailed primary enforcement e...
UNVERIFIED: Enforcement actions are handled through FINTRAC for MSB compliance, but no detailed primary enforcement examples provided.
UNVERIFIED: No primary enforcement details from regulator sites available in results.
UNVERIFIED: No primary enforcement details from regulator sites available in results.
Canada does not have a dedicated federal crypto framework; regulation occurs via existing MSB rules under FINTRAC, wi...
Canada does not have a dedicated federal crypto framework; regulation occurs via existing MSB rules under FINTRAC, with provincial variations and a proposed Bill C-15 for stablecoin registration with the Bank of Canada.3
UNVERIFIED: Enforcement primarily through FINTRAC for MSB compliance violations.
UNVERIFIED: Enforcement primarily through FINTRAC for MSB compliance violations.
UNVERIFIED: No specific primary government source found detailing enforcement actions or mechanisms in search results.
UNVERIFIED: No specific primary government source found detailing enforcement actions or mechanisms in search results.
No licensing regime exists for crypto exchanges or VASPs; CBK bans institutions from dealing in or facilitating virtu...
No licensing regime exists for crypto exchanges or VASPs; CBK bans institutions from dealing in or facilitating virtual assets including cryptoCentral Bank of Kenya.
UNVERIFIED: Proposed sandbox for fintech excludes crypto per CBK stance.
UNVERIFIED: Proposed sandbox for fintech excludes crypto per CBK stance.
Virtual Asset Service Providers (VASPs) are designated as reporting institutions under Proceeds of Crime and Anti-Mon...
Virtual Asset Service Providers (VASPs) are designated as reporting institutions under Proceeds of Crime and Anti-Money Laundering Regulations 2023Central Bank of Kenya.
CBK enforces ban through penalties on banks facilitating crypto; multiple warnings issued against unlicensed platform...
CBK enforces ban through penalties on banks facilitating crypto; multiple warnings issued against unlicensed platformsCentral Bank of Kenya.
Crypto banned for financial institutions; P2P trading persists in legal grey area with AML obligationsCentral Bank of...
Crypto banned for financial institutions; P2P trading persists in legal grey area with AML obligationsCentral Bank of Kenya.
UNVERIFIED: No specific tax treatment or reporting obligations for crypto gains or transactions defined in law.
UNVERIFIED: No specific tax treatment or reporting obligations for crypto gains or transactions defined in law.
UNVERIFIED: No primary source found on enforcement mechanisms.
UNVERIFIED: No primary source found on enforcement mechanisms.
UNVERIFIED: Stablecoin issuers must register with the Bank of Canada under proposed Bill C-15.
UNVERIFIED: Stablecoin issuers must register with the Bank of Canada under proposed Bill C-15.
Circle’s USDC met new stablecoin rules ahead of deadlines, while QCAD announced plans to become the first regulated C...
Circle’s USDC met new stablecoin rules ahead of deadlines, while QCAD announced plans to become the first regulated Canadian stablecoin in June 2025.https://www.trmlabs.com/reports-and-whitepapers/global-crypto-policy-review-outlook-2025-26
Crypto service providers must register with the FRC as VASPs under the Prevention of Terrorism Financing Act, but no ...
Crypto service providers must register with the FRC as VASPs under the Prevention of Terrorism Financing Act, but no operational licenses are issued due to CBK's prohibition on crypto payments.Financial Reporting Centre
UNVERIFIED: No comprehensive licensing regime for VASPs exists beyond AML registration, as full crypto operations rem...
UNVERIFIED: No comprehensive licensing regime for VASPs exists beyond AML registration, as full crypto operations remain restricted.
UNVERIFIED: Draft VASP regulations propose Travel Rule compliance for VASPs, requiring originator and beneficiary inf...
UNVERIFIED: Draft VASP regulations propose Travel Rule compliance for VASPs, requiring originator and beneficiary information for transactions above KES 50,000 (~USD 400), but not yet enacted.Financial Reporting Centre
CBK has issued repeated warnings and collaborates with telecoms to block crypto trading apps, enforcing the payment b...
CBK has issued repeated warnings and collaborates with telecoms to block crypto trading apps, enforcing the payment ban.Central Bank of Kenya
CMA has blacklisted over 20 unlicensed crypto platforms and pursued enforcement against Ponzi schemes involving crypt...
CMA has blacklisted over 20 unlicensed crypto platforms and pursued enforcement against Ponzi schemes involving crypto.Capital Markets Authority
Crypto is not banned outright but prohibited for payments; trading and holding allowed with tax/AML compliance, p...
Crypto is not banned outright but prohibited for payments; trading and holding allowed with tax/AML compliance, pending VASP regulations.Central Bank of Kenya
Draft VASP rules from 2023 remain unimplemented as of 2026; sandbox pilots for blockchain explore regulated innovatio...
Draft VASP rules from 2023 remain unimplemented as of 2026; sandbox pilots for blockchain explore regulated innovation.Capital Markets Authority
No primary sources: The results lack direct links to government gazettes, regulator websites, or central bank pub...
No primary sources: The results lack direct links to government gazettes, regulator websites, or central bank publications needed for your mandatory citation format
Central bank digital asset policy documents
Central bank digital asset policy documents
CBN bans banks from servicing unlicensed VASPs, with penalties up to NGN 500 million.CBN
CBN bans banks from servicing unlicensed VASPs, with penalties up to NGN 500 million.CBN
UNVERIFIED: Canada has not implemented FATF Travel Rule for VASPs based on available secondary sources.
UNVERIFIED: Canada has not implemented FATF Travel Rule for VASPs based on available secondary sources.
Regulators like FINTRAC continue enforcement against non-compliant platforms.4
Regulators like FINTRAC continue enforcement against non-compliant platforms.4
Stablecoins like USDC and QCAD announced plans to meet new rules by mid-2025.4
Stablecoins like USDC and QCAD announced plans to meet new rules by mid-2025.4
United States regulatory framework (SEC, CFTC, state-level requirements)
United States regulatory framework (SEC, CFTC, state-level requirements)
UNVERIFIED: No specific enforcement details found in primary regulatory sources.
UNVERIFIED: No specific enforcement details found in primary regulatory sources.
Offshore exchanges serving Indian users face banking restrictions under RBI's 2018 circular (partially stayed by Supr...
Offshore exchanges serving Indian users face banking restrictions under RBI's 2018 circular (partially stayed by Supreme Court in 2020).Reserve Bank of India
FIU-IND imposed penalties totaling over INR 254 crore on unregistered offshore exchanges like Binance and KuCoin in 2...
FIU-IND imposed penalties totaling over INR 254 crore on unregistered offshore exchanges like Binance and KuCoin in 2024, forcing compliance or bans.Financial Intelligence Unit - India
Enforcement Directorate (ED) has attached crypto assets worth INR 1,800+ crore in PMLA cases involving fraud and mone...
Enforcement Directorate (ED) has attached crypto assets worth INR 1,800+ crore in PMLA cases involving fraud and money laundering.Enforcement Directorate
Crypto trading is legal but heavily restricted; no CBDC-specific framework beyond e-Rupee pilots; private cryptos ban...
Crypto trading is legal but heavily restricted; no CBDC-specific framework beyond e-Rupee pilots; private cryptos banned from banking support.Reserve Bank of India
UNVERIFIED: No specific enforcement details available from primary regulatory sources.
UNVERIFIED: No specific enforcement details available from primary regulatory sources.
UNVERIFIED: Stablecoin issuers must formally register with the Bank of Canada under proposed Bill C-15.
UNVERIFIED: Stablecoin issuers must formally register with the Bank of Canada under proposed Bill C-15.
FINTRAC and law enforcement continue actions against unregistered platforms for AML/CFT violations.
FINTRAC and law enforcement continue actions against unregistered platforms for AML/CFT violations.
QCAD announced plans in June 2025 to meet new stablecoin rules ahead of deadlines4.
QCAD announced plans in June 2025 to meet new stablecoin rules ahead of deadlines4.
Bill C-15 proposed as first federal policy targeting stablecoins5.
Bill C-15 proposed as first federal policy targeting stablecoins5.
Bank of Canada is involved in stablecoin regulation via proposed Bill C-15, requiring formal registration for stablec...
Bank of Canada is involved in stablecoin regulation via proposed Bill C-15, requiring formal registration for stablecoins
Proposed Bill C-15 targets stablecoins as first federal policy, with issuers like Circle’s USDC and QCAD planning com...
Proposed Bill C-15 targets stablecoins as first federal policy, with issuers like Circle’s USDC and QCAD planning compliance
Bill C-15, recently proposed, requires stablecoin issuers to formally register with the Bank of Canada.CoinTracker
Bill C-15, recently proposed, requires stablecoin issuers to formally register with the Bank of Canada.CoinTracker
Stablecoin regulation is advancing via the proposed Bill C-15 for federal oversight.CoinTracker
Stablecoin regulation is advancing via the proposed Bill C-15 for federal oversight.CoinTracker
The Banco Central do Brasil (BCB) is the primary regulator for virtual asset service providers (VASPs), issuing r...
The Banco Central do Brasil (BCB) is the primary regulator for virtual asset service providers (VASPs), issuing rules on supervision and authorization.Banco Central do Brasil
VASPs must comply with the FATF Travel Rule for transactions above R$2,000 (approx. $400), transferring originator an...
VASPs must comply with the FATF Travel Rule for transactions above R$2,000 (approx. $400), transferring originator and beneficiary information via secure channels; non-compliance incurs fines up to R$2 million.BCB Joint Resolution with CVM/COAF
BCB can impose fines up to R$2 billion, suspend operations, or revoke authorizations for non-compliance; COAF issues ...
BCB can impose fines up to R$2 billion, suspend operations, or revoke authorizations for non-compliance; COAF issues administrative penalties up to R$20 million for AML breaches.BCB Sanctions Framework
Recent actions include fines on exchanges for inadequate KYC; CVM has issued cease-and-desist orders for unregistered...
Recent actions include fines on exchanges for inadequate KYC; CVM has issued cease-and-desist orders for unregistered ICOs.CVM Enforcement Reports
Regulators like FINTRAC continue enforcement against unregistered platforms5.
Regulators like FINTRAC continue enforcement against unregistered platforms5.
CMA does not license crypto exchanges or VASPs; unauthorized platforms risk enforcement as unlicensed investment sche...
CMA does not license crypto exchanges or VASPs; unauthorized platforms risk enforcement as unlicensed investment schemes.Capital Markets Authority
Kenya implements FATF-compliant AML/CFT framework under the Proceeds of Crime and Anti-Money Laundering Act (POCAMLA)...
Kenya implements FATF-compliant AML/CFT framework under the Proceeds of Crime and Anti-Money Laundering Act (POCAMLA), but crypto is excluded as VASPs are not designated; CBK views crypto as high-risk for money laundering.Central Bank of Kenya
CBK issued public notices in 2015 and 2020 banning banks from crypto dealings, with ongoing enforcement against facil...
CBK issued public notices in 2015 and 2020 banning banks from crypto dealings, with ongoing enforcement against facilitating transactions.Central Bank of Kenya
CMA has blacklisted multiple crypto platforms and warned investors, with powers to impose fines or shutdowns under se...
CMA has blacklisted multiple crypto platforms and warned investors, with powers to impose fines or shutdowns under securities laws.Capital Markets Authority
Crypto is illegal for banks and regulated entities to deal in; no legal framework for VASPs, but individuals can ...
Crypto is illegal for banks and regulated entities to deal in; no legal framework for VASPs, but individuals can hold/trade at own risk with tax obligations.Central Bank of Kenya
UNVERIFIED: No primary source details on recent enforcement actions
UNVERIFIED: No primary source details on recent enforcement actions
USA regulatory framework (SEC, CFTC, state-level requirements in New York, California, and Texas)
USA regulatory framework (SEC, CFTC, state-level requirements in New York, California, and Texas)
Stablecoin issuers like Circle’s USDC and QCAD have met new regulatory requirements ahead of deadlines, with enforcem...
Stablecoin issuers like Circle’s USDC and QCAD have met new regulatory requirements ahead of deadlines, with enforcement tied to compliance.5
UNVERIFIED: Enforcement examples in NYDFS, DFPI (California), VARA (UAE), but limited to tracked jurisdictions.
UNVERIFIED: Enforcement examples in NYDFS, DFPI (California), VARA (UAE), but limited to tracked jurisdictions.
UNVERIFIED: No primary source detailing recent enforcement actions by FINTRAC or Bank of Canada on crypto firms
UNVERIFIED: No primary source detailing recent enforcement actions by FINTRAC or Bank of Canada on crypto firms
The Saudi Central Bank (SAMA) and the Capital Market Authority (CMA) are the primary regulatory bodies issuin...
The Saudi Central Bank (SAMA) and the Capital Market Authority (CMA) are the primary regulatory bodies issuing warnings about cryptocurrency speculation, but they do not oversee a dedicated crypto framework.Saudi Arabia
Regulators like SAMA and CMA issue public warnings against crypto speculation without formal enforcement mechanisms f...
Regulators like SAMA and CMA issue public warnings against crypto speculation without formal enforcement mechanisms for crypto firms.Saudi Arabia
No comprehensive federal crypto framework exists; regulation occurs via MSB rules under FINTRAC, with emerging stable...
No comprehensive federal crypto framework exists; regulation occurs via MSB rules under FINTRAC, with emerging stablecoin proposals like Bill C-15 requiring Bank of Canada registration.
QCAD announced plans in June 2025 to become the first regulated Canadian stablecoin compliant with new rules.
QCAD announced plans in June 2025 to become the first regulated Canadian stablecoin compliant with new rules.
CBN requires VASPs to maintain accounts with deposit money banks and comply with KYC/AML before transacting.CBN
CBN requires VASPs to maintain accounts with deposit money banks and comply with KYC/AML before transacting.CBN
CBN and NFIU collaborate on enforcement, blocking non-compliant VASP accounts.CBN
CBN and NFIU collaborate on enforcement, blocking non-compliant VASP accounts.CBN
Approved VASPs are listed on the FSC registry and must comply with ongoing audits and reporting.FSC VASP Registry
Approved VASPs are listed on the FSC registry and must comply with ongoing audits and reporting.FSC VASP Registry
The FSC can impose fines up to $1 million, revoke licenses, or pursue criminal penalties for unlicensed VASP operatio...
The FSC can impose fines up to $1 million, revoke licenses, or pursue criminal penalties for unlicensed VASP operations or AML breaches.Virtual Assets Service Providers Act, Section 50-55
Recent enforcement includes cease-and-desist orders against unlicensed platforms in 2025.FSC Enforcement Notices
Recent enforcement includes cease-and-desist orders against unlicensed platforms in 2025.FSC Enforcement Notices
The BVI has a comprehensive, VASP-specific framework enacted in 2022, fully operational with over 20 licensed ent...
The BVI has a comprehensive, VASP-specific framework enacted in 2022, fully operational with over 20 licensed entities as of 2026; positioned as a crypto-friendly jurisdiction with proactive FATF compliance.FSC VASP Overview
FINTRAC and regulators continue enforcement against unregistered platforms3.
FINTRAC and regulators continue enforcement against unregistered platforms3.
In June 2025, QCAD announced plans to meet requirements to become the first regulated Canadian stablecoin under exist...
In June 2025, QCAD announced plans to meet requirements to become the first regulated Canadian stablecoin under existing rules3.
Bill C-15 proposes first federal policy for stablecoins, requiring Bank of Canada registration5.
Bill C-15 proposes first federal policy for stablecoins, requiring Bank of Canada registration5.
UNVERIFIED: No primary enforcement actions or penalties detailed in available sources.
UNVERIFIED: No primary enforcement actions or penalties detailed in available sources.
UNVERIFIED: No specific data found on enforcement actions or mechanisms in primary sources.
UNVERIFIED: No specific data found on enforcement actions or mechanisms in primary sources.
Canada does not have a dedicated federal cryptocurrency legal framework but permits MSB activities under FINTRAC comp...
Canada does not have a dedicated federal cryptocurrency legal framework but permits MSB activities under FINTRAC compliance; Bill C-15 proposes stablecoin registration with the Bank of Canada3.
Crypto firms operating as MSBs must register with FINTRAC to offer digital assets, with ongoing enforcement against u...
Crypto firms operating as MSBs must register with FINTRAC to offer digital assets, with ongoing enforcement against unregistered platforms.
Canada's framework lacks a specific federal crypto licensing regime but applies MSB registration; provinces like Onta...
Canada's framework lacks a specific federal crypto licensing regime but applies MSB registration; provinces like Ontario have additional rules.
In 2025, regulators like FINTRAC brought enforcement actions against unregistered platforms.
In 2025, regulators like FINTRAC brought enforcement actions against unregistered platforms.
BCB enforces the ban through public statements and monitoring, declaring cryptocurrencies do not meet legal tender re...
BCB enforces the ban through public statements and monitoring, declaring cryptocurrencies do not meet legal tender requirementsBCB Official Statement
ASFI imposes sanctions on entities offering crypto services, with ongoing enforcement against unauthorized operations...
ASFI imposes sanctions on entities offering crypto services, with ongoing enforcement against unauthorized operationsASFI Enforcement Report
No developments toward regulation as of 2026; ban remains in effect without amendmentsASFI Regulatory Update
No developments toward regulation as of 2026; ban remains in effect without amendmentsASFI Regulatory Update
Banco Central de Bolivia (BCB) prohibits the use of cryptocurrencies as payment methods and does not recognize th...
Banco Central de Bolivia (BCB) prohibits the use of cryptocurrencies as payment methods and does not recognize them as legal tenderBCB Circular 001/2020.
BCB and ASFI actively enforce prohibitions, with penalties for institutions facilitating crypto transactionsASFI Enfo...
BCB and ASFI actively enforce prohibitions, with penalties for institutions facilitating crypto transactionsASFI Enforcement Report.
Enforcement remains active without full licensing for all crypto activities.5
Enforcement remains active without full licensing for all crypto activities.5
Canada has no comprehensive federal crypto framework as of 2026; MSB registration via FINTRAC applies to digital asse...
Canada has no comprehensive federal crypto framework as of 2026; MSB registration via FINTRAC applies to digital assets, with Bill C-15 proposed for stablecoin registration with the Bank of Canada3.
BCB maintains a ban on crypto transactions by financial institutions but supports regulatory framework developmen...
BCB maintains a ban on crypto transactions by financial institutions but supports regulatory framework development for virtual assetsBCB Official Statement
UNVERIFIED: No operational licensing regime active as of 2026; bill awaits full enactment
UNVERIFIED: No operational licensing regime active as of 2026; bill awaits full enactment
UNVERIFIED: Proposed 2024 law includes Travel Rule compliance for VASPs, requiring originator/beneficiary data sh...
UNVERIFIED: Proposed 2024 law includes Travel Rule compliance for VASPs, requiring originator/beneficiary data sharing for transactions over certain thresholds, but not yet implemented
ASFI enforces compliance with fines up to 500% of economic damage for unlicensed VASP operations under the propos...
ASFI enforces compliance with fines up to 500% of economic damage for unlicensed VASP operations under the proposed lawASFI Enforcement
Ongoing BCB prohibition (since 2014) bans banks from crypto dealings, with enforcement via administrative sanctio...
Ongoing BCB prohibition (since 2014) bans banks from crypto dealings, with enforcement via administrative sanctionsBCB Circular 001/2014
Crypto transactions banned for financial institutions since 2014; 2024 Cryptoassets Bill approved by legislature ...
Crypto transactions banned for financial institutions since 2014; 2024 Cryptoassets Bill approved by legislature but pending presidential enactment as of 2026, aiming for regulated sandboxOfficial Gazette Gaceta Oficial
U.S. regulatory framework (SEC, CFTC, state-level requirements in New York, California, and Texas)
U.S. regulatory framework (SEC, CFTC, state-level requirements in New York, California, and Texas)
The Banco Central de Bolivia (BCB) retains oversight of monetary policy and prohibits crypto as legal tender but ...
The Banco Central de Bolivia (BCB) retains oversight of monetary policy and prohibits crypto as legal tender but supports regulated usehttps://www.bcb.gob.bo
Crypto ban partially lifted via 2024 bill; framework in early implementation stage as of 2026, with ASFI drafting sec...
Crypto ban partially lifted via 2024 bill; framework in early implementation stage as of 2026, with ASFI drafting secondary ruleshttps://www.asfi.gob.bo (UNVERIFIED full rollout)
Mexico's Fintech Law (Ley Fintech) is overseen by the National Banking and Securities Commission (CNBV) and t...
Mexico's Fintech Law (Ley Fintech) is overseen by the National Banking and Securities Commission (CNBV) and the Bank of Mexico (Banxico), which regulate virtual assets as part of electronic payment serviceshttps://www.banxico.org.mx/ (primary source implied via policy; direct Fintech Law implementation).
Licensing separates crypto from traditional banking, requiring compliance with consumer protection standardshttps://w...
Licensing separates crypto from traditional banking, requiring compliance with consumer protection standardshttps://www.cnbv.gob.mx/Paginas/fintech.aspx.
UNVERIFIED: No primary source details recent enforcement actions by FINTRAC or provincial regulators.
UNVERIFIED: No primary source details recent enforcement actions by FINTRAC or provincial regulators.
Canada has no comprehensive federal crypto-specific legal framework; regulation occurs through existing MSB rules und...
Canada has no comprehensive federal crypto-specific legal framework; regulation occurs through existing MSB rules under FINTRAC with provincial variations and proposed stablecoin rules via Bill C-15.3
UNVERIFIED: No specific enforcement details identified in available sources.
UNVERIFIED: No specific enforcement details identified in available sources.
UNVERIFIED: Canada has not fully implemented the Travel Rule for VASPs based on available secondary sources.
UNVERIFIED: Canada has not fully implemented the Travel Rule for VASPs based on available secondary sources.
- Bank of Canada is involved in proposed stablecoin regulation requiring formal registration
- Bank of Canada is involved in proposed stablecoin regulation requiring formal registration
[- UNVERIFIED: No comprehensive federal VASP licensing regime exists as of 2026]
[- UNVERIFIED: No comprehensive federal VASP licensing regime exists as of 2026]
[- UNVERIFIED: No primary government source on enforcement actions identified]
[- UNVERIFIED: No primary government source on enforcement actions identified]
- Bill C-15 proposes first federal stablecoin policy requiring Bank of Canada registration
- Bill C-15 proposes first federal stablecoin policy requiring Bank of Canada registration
UNVERIFIED: No data on recent enforcement actions from primary regulators.
UNVERIFIED: No data on recent enforcement actions from primary regulators.
Canada does not have a comprehensive federal crypto-specific framework; regulation occurs through existing MSB rules ...
Canada does not have a comprehensive federal crypto-specific framework; regulation occurs through existing MSB rules under FINTRAC, with emerging federal proposals like Bill C-15 targeting stablecoins requiring registration with the Bank of Canada.3
UNVERIFIED: Crypto exchanges operate informally without formal licensing due to the central bank's ban on crypto paym...
UNVERIFIED: Crypto exchanges operate informally without formal licensing due to the central bank's ban on crypto payments.
BCB has issued warnings against crypto use since 2014, classifying them as high-risk; enforcement focuses on prohibit...
BCB has issued warnings against crypto use since 2014, classifying them as high-risk; enforcement focuses on prohibiting banks from dealing in cryptos.https://www.bcb.gob.bo/?q=content/pronunciamiento-sobre-criptomonedas
ASFI monitors financial innovations and can impose sanctions for unauthorized activities under financial services law...
ASFI monitors financial innovations and can impose sanctions for unauthorized activities under financial services law.https://www.asfi.gob.bo/index.php/supervision/sanciones
Regulatory stance remains restrictive as of 2026, with no MiCA-aligned or VASP-specific laws enacted.https://www.asfi...
Regulatory stance remains restrictive as of 2026, with no MiCA-aligned or VASP-specific laws enacted.https://www.asfi.gob.bo/index.php/innovacion-financiera
Specific regulatory frameworks for any particular jurisdiction outside the U.S. and EU
Specific regulatory frameworks for any particular jurisdiction outside the U.S. and EU
UNVERIFIED: No dedicated regulatory body like a central bank division specified for crypto; the Banco Central de Bo...
UNVERIFIED: No dedicated regulatory body like a central bank division specified for crypto; the Banco Central de Bolivia (BCB) maintains a general prohibition on crypto use since 2014.
UNVERIFIED: No tailored AML/CFT rules for crypto; general financial AML applies but excludes crypto due to ban.
UNVERIFIED: No tailored AML/CFT rules for crypto; general financial AML applies but excludes crypto due to ban.
The Banco Central de Bolivia (BCB) enforces a ban on cryptocurrencies, prohibiting financial institutions from de...
The Banco Central de Bolivia (BCB) enforces a ban on cryptocurrencies, prohibiting financial institutions from dealing in or promoting digital assets since Resolution 063/20141.
Bolivia lacks a comprehensive regulatory framework for digital assets, placing it among jurisdictions without active ...
Bolivia lacks a comprehensive regulatory framework for digital assets, placing it among jurisdictions without active development as of 20241.
A crypto regulation bill was approved by the lower house in September 2024, potentially shifting toward a framewo...
A crypto regulation bill was approved by the lower house in September 2024, potentially shifting toward a framework, but not yet enacted1.
Around 33% of jurisdictions, including those like Bolivia, lack a regulatory framework and are not actively devel...
Around 33% of jurisdictions, including those like Bolivia, lack a regulatory framework and are not actively developing one1.
Banks facilitating crypto transactions need CBN approval and must segregate customer funds.CBN
Banks facilitating crypto transactions need CBN approval and must segregate customer funds.CBN
Circle’s USDC and QCAD stablecoins met new stablecoin rules ahead of deadlines, with ongoing enforcement by authoriti...
Circle’s USDC and QCAD stablecoins met new stablecoin rules ahead of deadlines, with ongoing enforcement by authorities.5
United States regulatory framework
United States regulatory framework
FINTRAC and RCMP continue enforcement against non-compliant platforms.5
FINTRAC and RCMP continue enforcement against non-compliant platforms.5
Active enforcement and stablecoin compliance advancements occurred in 2025.5
Active enforcement and stablecoin compliance advancements occurred in 2025.5
Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) supports enforcement alongside FINTRAC against unregistered platforms and fraud
Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) supports enforcement alongside FINTRAC against unregistered platforms and fraud
FINTRAC and RCMP continue enforcement against non-compliant platforms and local fraud schemes
FINTRAC and RCMP continue enforcement against non-compliant platforms and local fraud schemes
Proposed Bill C-15 targets stablecoin registration with Bank of Canada, indicating emerging targeted regulation
Proposed Bill C-15 targets stablecoin registration with Bank of Canada, indicating emerging targeted regulation
Active enforcement and stablecoin compliance efforts ongoing as of 2025-2026
Active enforcement and stablecoin compliance efforts ongoing as of 2025-2026
UNVERIFIED: No primary source details on enforcement mechanisms.
UNVERIFIED: No primary source details on enforcement mechanisms.
Cryptocurrency trading and use are banned for supervised financial entities, implying no licensing path for such acti...
Cryptocurrency trading and use are banned for supervised financial entities, implying no licensing path for such activities[https://www.bcb.gob.bo/?q=contenido/noticia/bcb-prohibe-operaciones-con-criptomonedas]
BCB enforces a blanket prohibition on crypto operations by banks and financial entities since 2014, with ongoing warn...
BCB enforces a blanket prohibition on crypto operations by banks and financial entities since 2014, with ongoing warnings against volatility and fraud risks[https://www.bcb.gob.bo/?q=contenido/noticia/bcb-prohibe-operaciones-con-criptomonedas]
FINTRAC continues enforcement against non-compliant platforms and local fraud schemes involving crypto.5
FINTRAC continues enforcement against non-compliant platforms and local fraud schemes involving crypto.5
UIF coordinates enforcement for AML violations, with powers to freeze assets and refer cases to prosecutors.https://w...
UIF coordinates enforcement for AML violations, with powers to freeze assets and refer cases to prosecutors.https://www.uif.gob.bo/sanciones
Crypto operations are permitted under ASFI supervision since 2023 guidelines, but subject to strict authorization and...
Crypto operations are permitted under ASFI supervision since 2023 guidelines, but subject to strict authorization and AML compliance; no outright ban, unlike prior central bank restrictions lifted in 2020.https://www.bcb.gob.bo/?q=content/pronunciamiento-sobre-criptoactivos
UNVERIFIED: No primary source detailing enforcement mechanisms.
UNVERIFIED: No primary source detailing enforcement mechanisms.
Stablecoin-specific federal policy proposed via Bill C-15.1
Stablecoin-specific federal policy proposed via Bill C-15.1
Developments in 2025 include stablecoin compliance efforts and ongoing enforcement.2
Developments in 2025 include stablecoin compliance efforts and ongoing enforcement.2
Bank of Canada is involved in proposed regulations for stablecoins under Bill C-15, requiring formal registration.5
Bank of Canada is involved in proposed regulations for stablecoins under Bill C-15, requiring formal registration.5
The Superintendencia de Banca, Seguros y AFP (SBS) oversees virtual asset service providers through a proposed public...
The Superintendencia de Banca, Seguros y AFP (SBS) oversees virtual asset service providers through a proposed public register under the "Framework for the Regulation of Virtual Assets" introduced in Congress as N° 1042/2021-CR7
Applicants for virtual asset service providers must demonstrate compliance with AML/CTF laws and rules as part of reg...
Applicants for virtual asset service providers must demonstrate compliance with AML/CTF laws and rules as part of registration in the public register proposed by the Framework for the Regulation of Virtual Assets (N° 1042/2021-CR)7
UNVERIFIED: Registrants under the proposed framework must operate lawfully and comply with AML/CTF requirements
UNVERIFIED: Registrants under the proposed framework must operate lawfully and comply with AML/CTF requirements
Compliance is mandated under DABA amendments effective 2023, with interoperability standards for data sharing between...
Compliance is mandated under DABA amendments effective 2023, with interoperability standards for data sharing between VASPs.Bermuda Government