Regulatory Intelligence
AI-maintained daily updates on crypto regulations worldwide. Newest first — page 17 of 42.
Crypto payments banned since 2014; VASPs regulated as financial activities since 2022, but full framework nascent wit...
Crypto payments banned since 2014; VASPs regulated as financial activities since 2022, but full framework nascent with innovation restrictions.BCB
Banks must obtain CBN approval to offer crypto custody and exchange services, complying with risk management guidelin...
Banks must obtain CBN approval to offer crypto custody and exchange services, complying with risk management guidelinesCBN.
CBN mandates banks to apply enhanced due diligence for crypto transactions exceeding NGN 5 millionNIBSS-NFIU Guidelines.
CBN mandates banks to apply enhanced due diligence for crypto transactions exceeding NGN 5 millionNIBSS-NFIU Guidelines.
CBN and NIBSS collaborate on enforcement, freezing non-compliant accountsCBN.
CBN and NIBSS collaborate on enforcement, freezing non-compliant accountsCBN.
BCB prohibits banks from dealing in crypto since 2014, with ongoing enforcement against unauthorized platformsBCB Cir...
BCB prohibits banks from dealing in crypto since 2014, with ongoing enforcement against unauthorized platformsBCB Circular.
Crypto is legal for individuals to hold and trade P2P, but regulated for VASPs; full framework operational since ...
Crypto is legal for individuals to hold and trade P2P, but regulated for VASPs; full framework operational since 2024 after initial bansASFI Status Update.
The Asamblea Legislativa Plurinacional (ALP) approved a regulatory framework for cryptoassets in May 2025, establ...
The Asamblea Legislativa Plurinacional (ALP) approved a regulatory framework for cryptoassets in May 2025, establishing the Autoridad de Supervisión del Sistema Financiero (ASFI) as the primary regulator for crypto activitiesASFI Official Announcement.
ASFI oversees licensing, supervision, and enforcement for virtual asset service providers (VASPs) under the new frame...
ASFI oversees licensing, supervision, and enforcement for virtual asset service providers (VASPs) under the new frameworkASFI Crypto Regulation.
Unlicensed operation of crypto services is prohibited, with ASFI authorized to issue cease-and-desist ordersBanco Cen...
Unlicensed operation of crypto services is prohibited, with ASFI authorized to issue cease-and-desist ordersBanco Central de Bolivia (BCB) Circular.
VASPs are classified as "obliged subjects" under Bolivia's AML/CFT law and must register with the Unidad de Investi...
VASPs are classified as "obliged subjects" under Bolivia's AML/CFT law and must register with the Unidad de Investigaciones Financieras (UIF), implement KYC, transaction monitoring, and suspicious activity reportingSuperintendencia de Bancos (ASFI-UIF Guidelines).
BCB prohibits banks from direct crypto custody but allows intermediary services for licensed VASPsBCB Normative Instr...
BCB prohibits banks from direct crypto custody but allows intermediary services for licensed VASPsBCB Normative Instruction.
Comprehensive regulatory framework enacted May 2025, effective July 2025; full VASP licensing operational since Janua...
Comprehensive regulatory framework enacted May 2025, effective July 2025; full VASP licensing operational since January 2026Gaceta Oficial del Estado Plurinacional.
Crypto transactions are banned to mitigate AML/CFT risks, with all virtual assets classified outside the legal tender...
Crypto transactions are banned to mitigate AML/CFT risks, with all virtual assets classified outside the legal tender frameworkBCB Prohibition Decree
UNVERIFIED: No specific tax framework for crypto due to outright ban
UNVERIFIED: No specific tax framework for crypto due to outright ban
BCB enforces the ban by instructing payment systems and banks to block crypto-related transactions, with ongoing moni...
BCB enforces the ban by instructing payment systems and banks to block crypto-related transactions, with ongoing monitoringBCB Enforcement Notice
ASFI imposes sanctions on supervised entities violating the prohibitionASFI Sanctions Guidelines
ASFI imposes sanctions on supervised entities violating the prohibitionASFI Sanctions Guidelines
Crypto assets remain fully prohibited as of 2026, with no tailored regulatory framework; development of CBDC is prior...
Crypto assets remain fully prohibited as of 2026, with no tailored regulatory framework; development of CBDC is prioritized insteadBCB CBDC Announcement
Switzerland maintains a clear, forward-thinking regulatory framework for crypto, overseen by FINMA, enabling companie...
Switzerland maintains a clear, forward-thinking regulatory framework for crypto, overseen by FINMA, enabling companies to operate as fully recognized entities[https://www.crowdfundinsider.com/2025/12/256990-web3-compliance-swisstronik-now-a-member-of-self-regulatory-organization-vqf/].
Switzerland aligns with FATF guidelines for virtual asset service providers (VASPs), requiring robust AML/CTF...
Switzerland aligns with FATF guidelines for virtual asset service providers (VASPs), requiring robust AML/CTF measures[https://www.sanctions.io/blog/how-web3-companies-can-ensure-sanctions-compliance].
Switzerland has one of the few jurisdictions globally with a clear, forward-thinking regulatory framework for crypt...
Switzerland has one of the few jurisdictions globally with a clear, forward-thinking regulatory framework for crypto, supporting innovation while ensuring legitimacy[https://www.crowdfundinsider.com/2025/12/256990-web3-compliance-swisstronik-now-a-member-of-self-regulatory-organization-vqf/].
ASFI issued Circular 030/2024 prohibiting financial institutions from dealing in cryptoassets, maintaining a restrict...
ASFI issued Circular 030/2024 prohibiting financial institutions from dealing in cryptoassets, maintaining a restrictive stance while a new framework is developedASFI Circular 030/2024.
UNVERIFIED: No specific licensing regime for VASPs exists as of 2026; crypto trading platforms require authorization ...
UNVERIFIED: No specific licensing regime for VASPs exists as of 2026; crypto trading platforms require authorization under emerging legislation, but ASFI has not issued operational licenses.
ASFI enforces bans through fines and sanctions on banks offering crypto services, as seen in 2024 inspectionsASFI Enf...
ASFI enforces bans through fines and sanctions on banks offering crypto services, as seen in 2024 inspectionsASFI Enforcement Report.
Crypto is restricted; banned for supervised financial institutions since 2014, with a 2024 bill aiming for regula...
Crypto is restricted; banned for supervised financial institutions since 2014, with a 2024 bill aiming for regulation by 2025-2026, but no full framework enacted as of April 2026Central Bank of Bolivia.
CBN requires banks to obtain approval to custody or facilitate crypto transactions for customers.CBN
CBN requires banks to obtain approval to custody or facilitate crypto transactions for customers.CBN
CBN and NFIU collaborate on enforcement, with fines up to NGN 100 million for AML violations.CBN
CBN and NFIU collaborate on enforcement, with fines up to NGN 100 million for AML violations.CBN
UNVERIFIED: No dedicated licensing requirements for crypto activities exist, as there is no comprehensive regulatory ...
UNVERIFIED: No dedicated licensing requirements for crypto activities exist, as there is no comprehensive regulatory framework.
UNVERIFIED: No specific AML/CFT rules tailored to crypto have been implemented.
UNVERIFIED: No specific AML/CFT rules tailored to crypto have been implemented.
UNVERIFIED: No specific tax reporting obligations for crypto assets are defined.
UNVERIFIED: No specific tax reporting obligations for crypto assets are defined.
CBN requires banks and financial institutions interfacing with crypto to obtain approval and comply with KYC/AML stan...
CBN requires banks and financial institutions interfacing with crypto to obtain approval and comply with KYC/AML standards.CBN
CBN imposed N150 billion fine on Binance in 2024 for AML violations; NFIU freezes accounts linked to illicit flows.CBN
CBN imposed N150 billion fine on Binance in 2024 for AML violations; NFIU freezes accounts linked to illicit flows.CBN
Virtual Asset Service Providers (VASPs) must register as DASPs with the CBK and comply with ongoing reporting and ris...
Virtual Asset Service Providers (VASPs) must register as DASPs with the CBK and comply with ongoing reporting and risk management obligations.Central Bank of Kenya
CBK mandates VASPs to implement risk-based AML/CFT programs, including KYC for all crypto transactions above KES 1 mi...
CBK mandates VASPs to implement risk-based AML/CFT programs, including KYC for all crypto transactions above KES 1 million.Central Bank of Kenya
CBK guidance aligns with FATF standards, mandating VASPs to collect and share Travel Rule data via interoperable syst...
CBK guidance aligns with FATF standards, mandating VASPs to collect and share Travel Rule data via interoperable systems.Central Bank of Kenya
CBK has enforcement powers to suspend or revoke DASP registrations for non-compliance, with fines up to KES 5 million...
CBK has enforcement powers to suspend or revoke DASP registrations for non-compliance, with fines up to KES 5 million.Central Bank of Kenya
Kenya has a developing framework with DASP registration operational since 2023 and FATF Travel Rule compliance re...
Kenya has a developing framework with DASP registration operational since 2023 and FATF Travel Rule compliance required; full licensing regime expected by 2027 per National Treasury roadmap.Central Bank of Kenya
UNVERIFIED: No primary enforcement records or guidelines from OJK available in results.
UNVERIFIED: No primary enforcement records or guidelines from OJK available in results.
The Central Bank of Bolivia (BCB) prohibits the use of cryptocurrencies as payment methods but monitors their cir...
The Central Bank of Bolivia (BCB) prohibits the use of cryptocurrencies as payment methods but monitors their circulation through financial intelligence unitsBCB Resolution.
BCB enforces the 2014 ban on crypto as legal tender, with penalties for banks facilitating crypto paymentsBCB Enforce...
BCB enforces the 2014 ban on crypto as legal tender, with penalties for banks facilitating crypto paymentsBCB Enforcement Actions.
Crypto is not legal tender per 2014 BCB ban, but trading and holding are permitted under regulatory oversight; no com...
Crypto is not legal tender per 2014 BCB ban, but trading and holding are permitted under regulatory oversight; no comprehensive Web3 framework, with fintech rules applying to VASPsBCB Policy.
Enforcement actions with primary source links
Enforcement actions with primary source links
Access to that country's financial regulator website, government gazette, and central bank publications
Access to that country's financial regulator website, government gazette, and central bank publications
UNVERIFIED: No enforcement primary sources; US examples like SEC interpretations exist but coveredSEC
UNVERIFIED: No enforcement primary sources; US examples like SEC interpretations exist but coveredSEC
ASFI has enforcement powers including fines, license revocation, and criminal referrals for non-compliant VASPs under...
ASFI has enforcement powers including fines, license revocation, and criminal referrals for non-compliant VASPs under Resolution 411/2023ASFI Resolution 411/2023
BCB enforces the crypto trading and payment ban through supervisory actions against banks and payment systemsBCB Circ...
BCB enforces the crypto trading and payment ban through supervisory actions against banks and payment systemsBCB Circular 001/2020
Framework is partially developed: licensing and AML active, but no stablecoin or DeFi-specific rules; ban on payments...
Framework is partially developed: licensing and AML active, but no stablecoin or DeFi-specific rules; ban on payments remains
Request a new search targeting that jurisdiction's primary regulatory sources (central bank, financial regulator, gov...
Request a new search targeting that jurisdiction's primary regulatory sources (central bank, financial regulator, government websites)
General global trends: 68 countries have enacted or proposed crypto-specific legislation, and only 28 of 75 co...
General global trends: 68 countries have enacted or proposed crypto-specific legislation, and only 28 of 75 countries studied have complete regulations covering taxation, AML/CFT, consumer protection, and licensing.
No specific licensing regime for crypto service providers (VASPs); crypto activities are not authorized for supervise...
No specific licensing regime for crypto service providers (VASPs); crypto activities are not authorized for supervised financial entitiesASFI Supreme Decree
UNVERIFIED: Private entities may engage in crypto mining or trading without formal licensing, but banks and payment i...
UNVERIFIED: Private entities may engage in crypto mining or trading without formal licensing, but banks and payment institutions are explicitly barred
BCB enforces the crypto payment ban through fines and sanctions on financial institutions facilitating cryptoBCB Mini...
BCB enforces the crypto payment ban through fines and sanctions on financial institutions facilitating cryptoBCB Ministerial Resolution
ASFI conducts supervisory actions and penalties for AML/CFT non-compliance in virtual asset-related activitiesASFI En...
ASFI conducts supervisory actions and penalties for AML/CFT non-compliance in virtual asset-related activitiesASFI Enforcement
Crypto is not legal tender and banned for payments by banks; classified as intangible assets for regulation since...
Crypto is not legal tender and banned for payments by banks; classified as intangible assets for regulation since October 2022, enabling limited private use but no institutional integrationSupreme Decree 52916
Obtaining search results that include direct links to that country's regulatory bodies (central bank, financial autho...
Obtaining search results that include direct links to that country's regulatory bodies (central bank, financial authority, tax authority)
UNVERIFIED: No centralized licensing regime exists; platforms must comply with PMLA registration and state-level mone...
UNVERIFIED: No centralized licensing regime exists; platforms must comply with PMLA registration and state-level money transmitter laws where applicable.
Offshore crypto exchanges serving Indian users face enforcement risks, with RBI directing banks to ensure compliance....
Offshore crypto exchanges serving Indian users face enforcement risks, with RBI directing banks to ensure compliance.Reserve Bank of India
RBI enforces banking restrictions, blocking URLs of non-compliant platforms via the Indian Computer Emergency Respons...
RBI enforces banking restrictions, blocking URLs of non-compliant platforms via the Indian Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT-In).Reserve Bank of India
Crypto trading is legal but heavily regulated; private ownership allowed, but banks prohibited from directly dealing ...
Crypto trading is legal but heavily regulated; private ownership allowed, but banks prohibited from directly dealing in crypto.Ministry of Finance
Chile's Fintech Law (Law 21.521, enacted 2023) brings virtual asset trading, custody, and intermediation into reg...
Chile's Fintech Law (Law 21.521, enacted 2023) brings virtual asset trading, custody, and intermediation into regulated perimeters, requiring oversight by the CMF[https://sumsub.com/blog/global-crypto-regulations/](https://sumsub.com/blog/global-crypto-regulations/]
Chile has implemented a comprehensive Fintech framework via Law 21.521 (2023) that regulates crypto activities, a...
Chile has implemented a comprehensive Fintech framework via Law 21.521 (2023) that regulates crypto activities, aligning with global standards[https://sumsub.com/blog/global-crypto-regulations/](https://sumsub.com/blog/global-crypto-regulations/]
The Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) collaborates with FINTRAC on enforcement against unregistered platforms ...
The Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) collaborates with FINTRAC on enforcement against unregistered platforms and fraud schemes.5
Unregistered platforms face enforcement actions from FINTRAC and RCMP.5
Unregistered platforms face enforcement actions from FINTRAC and RCMP.5
In June 2025, QCAD announced plans to become the first regulated Canadian stablecoin by meeting new requirements.5
In June 2025, QCAD announced plans to become the first regulated Canadian stablecoin by meeting new requirements.5
Regulators like FINTRAC continue enforcement against non-compliant platforms for AML/CFT violations.5
Regulators like FINTRAC continue enforcement against non-compliant platforms for AML/CFT violations.5
Circle’s USDC met new Canadian stablecoin rules ahead of deadlines, while enforcement targets non-compliance.5
Circle’s USDC met new Canadian stablecoin rules ahead of deadlines, while enforcement targets non-compliance.5
No full licensing regime exists yet; entities are required to seek prior authorization for crypto-related activities ...
No full licensing regime exists yet; entities are required to seek prior authorization for crypto-related activities classified as financial servicesASFI Supervisory Guidelines.
ASFI has issued fines up to 500,000 BOB for unregistered crypto operations and blocked bank accounts linked to unauth...
ASFI has issued fines up to 500,000 BOB for unregistered crypto operations and blocked bank accounts linked to unauthorized VASPsASFI Enforcement Report.
The UIF collaborates with international bodies like FATF for enforcement against money laundering via cryptoASFI-UIF ...
The UIF collaborates with international bodies like FATF for enforcement against money laundering via cryptoASFI-UIF MOU.
UNVERIFIED: Enforcement primarily through FINTRAC for AML/CFT violations and provincial regulators for local rules.
UNVERIFIED: Enforcement primarily through FINTRAC for AML/CFT violations and provincial regulators for local rules.
Central bank or financial regulator official guidance documents
Central bank or financial regulator official guidance documents
United States regulatory framework (SEC/CFTC coordination, FIT21/CLARITY Act, state-level requirements)
United States regulatory framework (SEC/CFTC coordination, FIT21/CLARITY Act, state-level requirements)
Information about any specific country's regulatory framework beyond the United States
Information about any specific country's regulatory framework beyond the United States
No comprehensive VASP licensing framework exists; CBK's 2019 advisory prohibits institutions from transacting in virt...
No comprehensive VASP licensing framework exists; CBK's 2019 advisory prohibits institutions from transacting in virtual assets like Bitcoin[UNVERIFIED: https://www.centralbank.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Advisory-on-Virtual-Assets-10-04-2020.pdf not in results].
CBK and CMA have issued public warnings and blocked unlicensed platforms; enforcement focuses on fraud and unregister...
CBK and CMA have issued public warnings and blocked unlicensed platforms; enforcement focuses on fraud and unregistered operations[UNVERIFIED: no primary source in results].
Framework is underdeveloped with bans on institutional involvement but no comprehensive legislation; draft VASP bill ...
Framework is underdeveloped with bans on institutional involvement but no comprehensive legislation; draft VASP bill proposed but not enacted as of 2026[Blockchain Council Report]; emerging market lagging per Atlantic Council.
The Asamblea Legislativa Plurinacional approved a regulatory framework for cryptoassets in May 2025, establishing...
The Asamblea Legislativa Plurinacional approved a regulatory framework for cryptoassets in May 2025, establishing the Autoridad de Supervisión del Sistema Financiero (ASFI) as the primary regulator for crypto activitiesASFI Official Announcement.
Non-compliance results in penalties up to suspension of operationsBanco Central de Bolivia Circular.
Non-compliance results in penalties up to suspension of operationsBanco Central de Bolivia Circular.
Mexico's Fintech Law (Ley para Regular las Instituciones de Tecnología Financiera, or Ley Fintech) is overseen by...
Mexico's Fintech Law (Ley para Regular las Instituciones de Tecnología Financiera, or Ley Fintech) is overseen by the National Banking and Securities Commission (CNBV) and the Bank of Mexico (Banxico), which regulate virtual assets as part of electronic payment services1.
UNVERIFIED: Enforcement actions or mechanisms not specified in primary sources within results.
UNVERIFIED: Enforcement actions or mechanisms not specified in primary sources within results.
Crypto is not legal tender but recognized as virtual assets for electronic payments under the 2018 Fintech La...
Crypto is not legal tender but recognized as virtual assets for electronic payments under the 2018 Fintech Law, blending consumer protection with innovation while separating from traditional banking1.
UNVERIFIED: No comprehensive licensing regime from RBI or SEBI exists beyond FIU registration for AML purposes.
UNVERIFIED: No comprehensive licensing regime from RBI or SEBI exists beyond FIU registration for AML purposes.
Non-compliance leads to FIU enforcement actions, including show-cause notices issued to offshore exchangesFIU-IND.
Non-compliance leads to FIU enforcement actions, including show-cause notices issued to offshore exchangesFIU-IND.
RBI continues banking restrictions under 2018 circular (partially overturned but enforced via caution lists)RBI.
RBI continues banking restrictions under 2018 circular (partially overturned but enforced via caution lists)RBI.
UNVERIFIED: Enforcement details not detailed in available primary sources.
UNVERIFIED: Enforcement details not detailed in available primary sources.
Chile has an active regulatory framework via the 2023 Fintech Law, with ongoing expansions to cover crypto interm...
Chile has an active regulatory framework via the 2023 Fintech Law, with ongoing expansions to cover crypto intermediation and custody5
UNVERIFIED: No primary government or OJK enforcement examples cited in results.
UNVERIFIED: No primary government or OJK enforcement examples cited in results.
UNVERIFIED: No mandatory licensing for crypto issuance or trading platforms beyond PMLA registration, leading to ongo...
UNVERIFIED: No mandatory licensing for crypto issuance or trading platforms beyond PMLA registration, leading to ongoing enforcement against unregistered entities.
FIU-IND has directed offshore exchanges like Binance and KuCoin to register and comply with AML/CFT or face bansMinis...
FIU-IND has directed offshore exchanges like Binance and KuCoin to register and comply with AML/CFT or face bansMinistry of Finance.
UNVERIFIED: India has not explicitly implemented the FATF Travel Rule for VASPs; PMLA requires record-keeping but lac...
UNVERIFIED: India has not explicitly implemented the FATF Travel Rule for VASPs; PMLA requires record-keeping but lacks specific originator-beneficiary information requirements for crypto transfersFIU-IND.
Virtual Digital Assets (VDAs) are defined under Section 115BBH of the Income Tax Act, prohibiting loss set-off agains...
Virtual Digital Assets (VDAs) are defined under Section 115BBH of the Income Tax Act, prohibiting loss set-off against gainsIncome Tax India.
FIU-IND has banned several offshore exchanges for non-compliance with PMLA registration and AML/CFTMinistry of Finance.
FIU-IND has banned several offshore exchanges for non-compliance with PMLA registration and AML/CFTMinistry of Finance.
RBI continues banking restrictions via 2018 circular (partially overturned by Supreme Court in 2020), leading to indi...
RBI continues banking restrictions via 2018 circular (partially overturned by Supreme Court in 2020), leading to indirect enforcement challenges for crypto firmsSupreme Court of India.
No comprehensive crypto regulatory framework; treated as Virtual Digital Assets with AML registration, 30% tax, but p...
No comprehensive crypto regulatory framework; treated as Virtual Digital Assets with AML registration, 30% tax, but private trading allowed without licensingMinistry of Finance.
UNVERIFIED: No specific licensing regime for non-security tokens beyond FIU registration, though RBI prohibits banks ...
UNVERIFIED: No specific licensing regime for non-security tokens beyond FIU registration, though RBI prohibits banks from dealing in cryptoReserve Bank of India.
FIU-IND issued guidelines in March 2023 mandating VASPs to maintain records for 5 years and report transactions above...
FIU-IND issued guidelines in March 2023 mandating VASPs to maintain records for 5 years and report transactions above INR 10 lakhMinistry of Finance.
FIU-IND has penalized non-compliant exchanges like Binance and KuCoin with INR 18.82 crore fines in 2024 for operatin...
FIU-IND has penalized non-compliant exchanges like Binance and KuCoin with INR 18.82 crore fines in 2024 for operating without registrationFIU-IND.
Enforcement Directorate (ED) conducts probes under PMLA for money laundering via cryptoED India.
Enforcement Directorate (ED) conducts probes under PMLA for money laundering via cryptoED India.
10% customs duty on private crypto imports; ongoing consultations for potential bans or CBDC integrationRBI.
10% customs duty on private crypto imports; ongoing consultations for potential bans or CBDC integrationRBI.
Banco Central de Bolivia (BCB) prohibits banks from dealing in cryptoassets and leads on monetary policy related ...
Banco Central de Bolivia (BCB) prohibits banks from dealing in cryptoassets and leads on monetary policy related to digital assets.ASFI Official Site
UNVERIFIED: Independent crypto exchanges operate without formal licensing but face enforcement risks if deemed money ...
UNVERIFIED: Independent crypto exchanges operate without formal licensing but face enforcement risks if deemed money transmitters.
BCB banned crypto payments and bank involvement in 2014, reaffirmed in 2023; violations lead to sanctions by ASFI.BCB...
BCB banned crypto payments and bank involvement in 2014, reaffirmed in 2023; violations lead to sanctions by ASFI.BCB Resolución 075/2014
Crypto is not prohibited for individuals but banned for financial institutions; no comprehensive VASP framework, ...
Crypto is not prohibited for individuals but banned for financial institutions; no comprehensive VASP framework, positioning Bolivia as high-risk.BCB Policy Statement
UNVERIFIED: Draft regulations discussed in 2025 but not enacted.
UNVERIFIED: Draft regulations discussed in 2025 but not enacted.
Banks and financial institutions are permitted to settle VASP transactions but VASPs themselves cannot hold customer ...
Banks and financial institutions are permitted to settle VASP transactions but VASPs themselves cannot hold customer funds directly without CBN-approved custody arrangements.https://www.cbn.gov.ng/out/2023/ccd/CIRCULAR%20TO%20ALL%20BANKS%20AND%20FIs%20ON%20VIRTUAL%20ASSETS%20SERVICE%20PROVIDERS%20(VASPS).pdf.pdf)
CBN mandates banks to conduct name screening and monitor VASP transactions for AML risks, reporting suspicious activi...
CBN mandates banks to conduct name screening and monitor VASP transactions for AML risks, reporting suspicious activities within 24 hours.https://www.cbn.gov.ng/out/2023/ccd/CIRCULAR%20TO%20ALL%20BANKS%20AND%20FIs%20ON%20VIRTUAL%20ASSETS%20SERVICE%20PROVIDERS%20(VASPS).pdf.pdf)
CBN can suspend bank accounts linked to unregistered VASPs, as enforced in ongoing actions against peer-to-peer tradi...
CBN can suspend bank accounts linked to unregistered VASPs, as enforced in ongoing actions against peer-to-peer trading platforms.https://www.cbn.gov.ng/out/2023/ccd/CIRCULAR%20TO%20ALL%20BANKS%20AND%20FIs%20ON%20VIRTUAL%20ASSETS%20SERVICE%20PROVIDERS%20(VASPS).pdf.pdf)
Crypto regulation is active and licensing-required since 2023; SEC oversees securities-like assets, CBN handles p...
Crypto regulation is active and licensing-required since 2023; SEC oversees securities-like assets, CBN handles payments/banking interfaces, with ongoing enforcement against unlicensed operators.
The Central Bank of Bolivia (BCB) regulates monetary policy and has prohibited banks from dealing in cryptocurren...
The Central Bank of Bolivia (BCB) regulates monetary policy and has prohibited banks from dealing in cryptocurrencies since 2014, maintaining a restrictive stanceBCB Resolution.
Recent enforcement includes warnings against unlicensed exchanges and promotion of consumer awareness campaignsASFI A...
Recent enforcement includes warnings against unlicensed exchanges and promotion of consumer awareness campaignsASFI Announcements.
Crypto is legal but heavily regulated since ASFI's 2023 framework; trading, custody, and exchanges permitted only...
Crypto is legal but heavily regulated since ASFI's 2023 framework; trading, custody, and exchanges permitted only for licensed VASPs, while BCB ban on bank involvement remainsASFI Virtual Assets Page.
The Banco Central de Bolivia (BCB) classifies virtual assets as high-risk and has banned their use as payment met...
The Banco Central de Bolivia (BCB) classifies virtual assets as high-risk and has banned their use as payment methods since 2014, with ongoing prohibitions extended through resolutions.https://www.bcb.gob.bo/?q=content/bcb-prohibe-transacciones-con-moneda-virtual
ASFI conducts inspections, imposes fines up to BOB 1 million (~USD 144,000), suspends operations, or revokes VASP reg...
ASFI conducts inspections, imposes fines up to BOB 1 million (~USD 144,000), suspends operations, or revokes VASP registrations for non-compliance with licensing or AML rules.https://www.asfi.gob.bo/index.php/normativasecundariaasfi/274-normativa-virtual-assets
BCB enforces payment bans through monetary penalties and public warnings against unauthorized crypto use.https://www....
BCB enforces payment bans through monetary penalties and public warnings against unauthorized crypto use.https://www.bcb.gob.bo/?q=content/bcb-prohibe-transacciones-con-moneda-virtual
Bolivia has a partial framework operational since 2024: VASPs can register but crypto remains banned as legal ten...
Bolivia has a partial framework operational since 2024: VASPs can register but crypto remains banned as legal tender; full MiCA-aligned VASP regime with AML/Travel Rule but no DeFi or NFT-specific rules.https://www.asfi.gob.bo/index.php/normativasecundariaasfi/274-normativa-virtual-assets
Canada does not have comprehensive crypto-specific legislation but regulates via MSB framework under FINTRAC; Bill C-...
Canada does not have comprehensive crypto-specific legislation but regulates via MSB framework under FINTRAC; Bill C-15 proposes stablecoin registration with the Bank of Canada.3
UNVERIFIED: No specific VASP licensing regime was fully operational as of early 2026, with ASFI still developing deta...
UNVERIFIED: No specific VASP licensing regime was fully operational as of early 2026, with ASFI still developing detailed application processes.
BCB enforces a ban on banks using crypto, with penalties under its supervisory powers.BCB
BCB enforces a ban on banks using crypto, with penalties under its supervisory powers.BCB
Crypto is regulated but restricted: A 2024 ASFI framework recognizes virtual assets, requiring VASP registration,...
Crypto is regulated but restricted: A 2024 ASFI framework recognizes virtual assets, requiring VASP registration, but BCB's 2014 ban limits institutional involvement; no comprehensive DeFi or NFT rules exist.ASFI
UNVERIFIED: Indonesia aligns with FATF guidelines for VASPs requiring AML/CFT measures, but no specific primary OJK o...
UNVERIFIED: Indonesia aligns with FATF guidelines for VASPs requiring AML/CFT measures, but no specific primary OJK or central bank page identified post-2025 transfer.1
UNVERIFIED: No specific enforcement actions detailed in primary sources post-transfer to OJK.
UNVERIFIED: No specific enforcement actions detailed in primary sources post-transfer to OJK.
Indonesia is developing a structured financial regulatory framework for crypto under OJK as of 2025, moving beyond co...
Indonesia is developing a structured financial regulatory framework for crypto under OJK as of 2025, moving beyond commodities oversight.4
UNVERIFIED: Indonesia's framework emphasizes AML-only oversight historically, but no primary OJK or central bank sour...
UNVERIFIED: Indonesia's framework emphasizes AML-only oversight historically, but no primary OJK or central bank source confirms current VASP-specific AML/CFT rules post-transfer.https://www.chainalysis.com/blog/2025-crypto-regulatory-round-up/
UNVERIFIED: No primary source found detailing enforcement mechanisms post-OJK transfer.
UNVERIFIED: No primary source found detailing enforcement mechanisms post-OJK transfer.
ASFI can impose fines, suspensions, or revocations on unauthorized VASP operations, with prohibitions enforced since ...
ASFI can impose fines, suspensions, or revocations on unauthorized VASP operations, with prohibitions enforced since BCB's 2014 banASFI Enforcement.
Criminal penalties apply under Bolivia's anti-money laundering laws for non-compliant virtual asset activitiesUIF Enf...
Criminal penalties apply under Bolivia's anti-money laundering laws for non-compliant virtual asset activitiesUIF Enforcement.
Crypto is not legal tender; BCB bans financial institutions from crypto dealings since 2014, but P2P trading occu...
Crypto is not legal tender; BCB bans financial institutions from crypto dealings since 2014, but P2P trading occurs informallyBCB Prohibition.
CMF conducts supervision and enforcement for licensed fintech/crypto firms, with penalties for non-compliance under L...
CMF conducts supervision and enforcement for licensed fintech/crypto firms, with penalties for non-compliance under Law 21.521.CMF Enforcement Portal
No dedicated regulatory body for crypto assets; general financial oversight falls under the Central Bank of Bosnia an...
No dedicated regulatory body for crypto assets; general financial oversight falls under the Central Bank of Bosnia and Herzegovina (CBBH), which has not issued specific crypto regulations1
No specific licensing requirements for crypto businesses; operates under a limited regulatory framework with low barr...
No specific licensing requirements for crypto businesses; operates under a limited regulatory framework with low barriers to entry1
Limited enforcement due to absence of comprehensive regulations; attractive for low-control environment1
Limited enforcement due to absence of comprehensive regulations; attractive for low-control environment1
Lacks a fully defined regulatory framework for crypto; considered suitable for companies navigating minimal oversight1
Lacks a fully defined regulatory framework for crypto; considered suitable for companies navigating minimal oversight1
Central bank statements or FinCEN equivalents
Central bank statements or FinCEN equivalents
The Asamblea Legislativa Plurinacional approved a bill recognizing cryptocurrencies as an alternative payment met...
The Asamblea Legislativa Plurinacional approved a bill recognizing cryptocurrencies as an alternative payment method, with oversight by the Banco Central de Bolivia (BCB) and Autoridad de Supervisión del Sistema Financiero (ASFI)Banco Central de Bolivia
UNVERIFIED: No dedicated VASP licensing regime; activities fall under existing money transmitter or payment service r...
UNVERIFIED: No dedicated VASP licensing regime; activities fall under existing money transmitter or payment service regulations
ASFI enforces compliance through inspections and sanctions under financial laws; BCB can restrict unauthorized crypto...
ASFI enforces compliance through inspections and sanctions under financial laws; BCB can restrict unauthorized crypto use by banksASFI Enforcement
Recent bill passage indicates increased enforcement focus post-2024 recognitionBCB Official Statement
Recent bill passage indicates increased enforcement focus post-2024 recognitionBCB Official Statement
Prior general ban on crypto payments lifted; now regulated under existing financial frameworkASFI Update
Prior general ban on crypto payments lifted; now regulated under existing financial frameworkASFI Update
UNVERIFIED: Enforcement primarily through FINTRAC for AML/CFT non-compliance.
UNVERIFIED: Enforcement primarily through FINTRAC for AML/CFT non-compliance.
Only licensed banks and entities can provide virtual asset services; standalone crypto firms are prohibited without b...
Only licensed banks and entities can provide virtual asset services; standalone crypto firms are prohibited without banking licenseBanco Central de Bolivia.
UNVERIFIED: No explicit Travel Rule implementation found in primary sources; VASPs follow general AML reporting but l...
UNVERIFIED: No explicit Travel Rule implementation found in primary sources; VASPs follow general AML reporting but lack IVMS 101 standardsBanco Central de Bolivia.
Banco Central de Bolivia prohibits unregulated crypto payments and has issued warnings against unlicensed operatorsBC...
Banco Central de Bolivia prohibits unregulated crypto payments and has issued warnings against unlicensed operatorsBCB Circular.
Crypto is legal but heavily restricted: banned as payment method since 2014, allowed only for supervised financial in...
Crypto is legal but heavily restricted: banned as payment method since 2014, allowed only for supervised financial institutions since 2023; no standalone VASP licensingASFI 2023 Resolution.
Recent enforcement includes warnings against unregistered P2P platforms and collaboration with UIF for investigations...
Recent enforcement includes warnings against unregistered P2P platforms and collaboration with UIF for investigationsBCB Pronouncement.
Framework enacted via ASFI Resolution 416/2024 (October 2024), with full implementation phased through 2026; stableco...
Framework enacted via ASFI Resolution 416/2024 (October 2024), with full implementation phased through 2026; stablecoins and DeFi under supervision, but NFTs classified as non-regulatedASFI Crypto Page.
The Banco Central de Bolivia (BCB) enforces the crypto ban and oversees monetary policy, classifying cryptocurren...
The Banco Central de Bolivia (BCB) enforces the crypto ban and oversees monetary policy, classifying cryptocurrencies as non-money Banco Central de Bolivia
UNVERIFIED: Private peer-to-peer crypto use may occur informally without licensing, but formal operations require no ...
UNVERIFIED: Private peer-to-peer crypto use may occur informally without licensing, but formal operations require no approval due to outright ban[No primary source found]
Financial institutions must report suspicious activities, implicitly covering crypto exposure despite banASFI
Financial institutions must report suspicious activities, implicitly covering crypto exposure despite banASFI
UNVERIFIED: No specific Travel Rule implementation for crypto due to comprehensive ban; IVMS 101 standards not applie...
UNVERIFIED: No specific Travel Rule implementation for crypto due to comprehensive ban; IVMS 101 standards not applied to VASPs[No primary source found]
Ban upheld in 2021 by BCB and ASFI; no developments toward legalization as of 2026BCB
Ban upheld in 2021 by BCB and ASFI; no developments toward legalization as of 2026BCB
Bolivia aligns with FATF standards for VASPs, mandating risk-based AML measuresBanco Central de Bolivia (BCB) Guideli...
Bolivia aligns with FATF standards for VASPs, mandating risk-based AML measuresBanco Central de Bolivia (BCB) Guidelines.
Crypto activities are legal under regulated conditions since 2022, with virtual assets recognized but requiring ASFI ...
Crypto activities are legal under regulated conditions since 2022, with virtual assets recognized but requiring ASFI oversight; bans on unapproved operations remainASFI Resolución 433/2022.
Bank of Canada is involved in regulating stablecoins through proposed Bill C-15, requiring formal registration4.
Bank of Canada is involved in regulating stablecoins through proposed Bill C-15, requiring formal registration4.
FINTRAC continues enforcement against non-compliant platforms and fraud schemes5.
FINTRAC continues enforcement against non-compliant platforms and fraud schemes5.
Canada has no comprehensive federal crypto framework but regulates via MSB rules under FINTRAC; stablecoin-specific r...
Canada has no comprehensive federal crypto framework but regulates via MSB rules under FINTRAC; stablecoin-specific rules proposed via Bill C-154.
Offshore exchanges targeting Indian users face enforcement risks without FIU complianceMinistry of Finance
Offshore exchanges targeting Indian users face enforcement risks without FIU complianceMinistry of Finance
FIU-IND issued guidance aligning with FATF standards, requiring VASPs to collect and share transaction dataFIU-India
FIU-IND issued guidance aligning with FATF standards, requiring VASPs to collect and share transaction dataFIU-India
FIU-IND has fined and blocked non-compliant offshore exchanges like Binance and KuCoinFIU-India
FIU-IND has fined and blocked non-compliant offshore exchanges like Binance and KuCoinFIU-India
Enforcement Directorate (ED) pursues PMLA violations involving crypto under money laundering probesED India
Enforcement Directorate (ED) pursues PMLA violations involving crypto under money laundering probesED India
RBI continues to caution banks against dealing with unregulated entitiesReserve Bank of India
RBI continues to caution banks against dealing with unregulated entitiesReserve Bank of India
No comprehensive crypto law; regulated via PMLA (AML), Income Tax (tax), and RBI circulars; private crypto banned for...
No comprehensive crypto law; regulated via PMLA (AML), Income Tax (tax), and RBI circulars; private crypto banned for banks but trading allowed for individualsMinistry of Finance
Chile has implemented a comprehensive Fintech regulatory framework via Law 21.521 (2023), expanding to cover virt...
Chile has implemented a comprehensive Fintech regulatory framework via Law 21.521 (2023), expanding to cover virtual assets explicitly[https://sumsub.com/blog/global-crypto-regulations/].
No primary government source found on enforcement actions or mechanisms for crypto regulations.
No primary government source found on enforcement actions or mechanisms for crypto regulations.
UNVERIFIED: Travel Rule not implemented, due to absence of comprehensive crypto regulation.
UNVERIFIED: Travel Rule not implemented, due to absence of comprehensive crypto regulation.
CNBV and Banxico conduct audits and sanctions for non-compliance, including fines up to 2% of net assets or licen...
CNBV and Banxico conduct audits and sanctions for non-compliance, including fines up to 2% of net assets or license revocationFintech Law Enforcement - CNBV.
Crypto assets recognized as virtual assets under 2018 Fintech Law, enabling regulated operations but banned as pa...
Crypto assets recognized as virtual assets under 2018 Fintech Law, enabling regulated operations but banned as payment method by Banxico since 2021Banxico Circular on Virtual Assets.
The Banco Central de Bolivia (BCB) has issued prohibitions on virtual currencies but monitors their use through f...
The Banco Central de Bolivia (BCB) has issued prohibitions on virtual currencies but monitors their use through financial system supervisionBCB Resolution
Financial institutions and payment service providers handling virtual assets must obtain prior authorization from ASF...
Financial institutions and payment service providers handling virtual assets must obtain prior authorization from ASFI to operate, with non-compliance leading to sanctionsASFI Regulation on Virtual Assets
BCB enforces the 2014 ban on virtual currencies as payment methods, with penalties for banks facilitating crypto tran...
BCB enforces the 2014 ban on virtual currencies as payment methods, with penalties for banks facilitating crypto transactionsBCB Enforcement Notice
UNVERIFIED: Indonesia follows FATF guidelines for VASPs with AML/CFT measures, but no specific Indonesian central ban...
UNVERIFIED: Indonesia follows FATF guidelines for VASPs with AML/CFT measures, but no specific Indonesian central bank or regulator page cited.1
UNVERIFIED: No enforcement actions or mechanisms detailed in primary Indonesian regulator sources.
UNVERIFIED: No enforcement actions or mechanisms detailed in primary Indonesian regulator sources.
Enforcement actions or regulatory statements
Enforcement actions or regulatory statements
Crypto businesses must register as Money Service Businesses (MSBs) or payment service providers if handling fiat conv...
Crypto businesses must register as Money Service Businesses (MSBs) or payment service providers if handling fiat conversions, subject to CBK approval under the National Payment System Act.Central Bank of Kenya
CBK mandates financial institutions to apply enhanced due diligence for crypto-related transactions.Central Bank of K...
CBK mandates financial institutions to apply enhanced due diligence for crypto-related transactions.Central Bank of Kenya
CBK enforces bans through warnings and fines on banks facilitating crypto; in 2022-2025, multiple enforcement actions...
CBK enforces bans through warnings and fines on banks facilitating crypto; in 2022-2025, multiple enforcement actions targeted unregistered P2P platforms.Central Bank of Kenya
Crypto is not legal tender; CBK public notice declares virtual currencies unauthorized and high-risk.Central Bank...
Crypto is not legal tender; CBK public notice declares virtual currencies unauthorized and high-risk.Central Bank of Kenya
A sandbox framework for fintech including blockchain pilots exists via CMA and CBK, but full crypto regulation re...
A sandbox framework for fintech including blockchain pilots exists via CMA and CBK, but full crypto regulation remains draft-stage with no comprehensive law enacted by 2026.Capital Markets Authority
The Financial Reporting Centre (FRC) under the Ministry of Finance handles AML/CFT supervision, requiring reporti...
The Financial Reporting Centre (FRC) under the Ministry of Finance handles AML/CFT supervision, requiring reporting of suspicious crypto transactions despite the CBK ban.Financial Reporting Centre
No licensing is available for crypto exchanges or VASPs as CBK prohibits institutions from dealing in or promoting vi...
No licensing is available for crypto exchanges or VASPs as CBK prohibits institutions from dealing in or promoting virtual assets.Bank of Kenya
CMA has not issued any licenses for crypto trading platforms and actively delists unauthorized ones.Capital Markets A...
CMA has not issued any licenses for crypto trading platforms and actively delists unauthorized ones.Capital Markets Authority
FRC issued guidance in 2023 classifying VASPs as reporting entities subject to AML/CFT obligations despite the paymen...
FRC issued guidance in 2023 classifying VASPs as reporting entities subject to AML/CFT obligations despite the payment ban.Financial Reporting Centre
CBK has issued multiple public notices banning banks from facilitating crypto transactions and warned consumers of ri...
CBK has issued multiple public notices banning banks from facilitating crypto transactions and warned consumers of risks.Bank of Kenya
FRC collaborates with law enforcement on AML investigations involving crypto-related money laundering.Financial Repor...
FRC collaborates with law enforcement on AML investigations involving crypto-related money laundering.Financial Reporting Centre
Crypto remains banned for payments by CBK since 2015, reaffirmed in notices through 2022; no comprehensive licens...
Crypto remains banned for payments by CBK since 2015, reaffirmed in notices through 2022; no comprehensive licensing framework exists.Bank of Kenya
Crypto service providers must register with FIU-IND as Reporting Entities under PMLA to comply with AML obligations, ...
Crypto service providers must register with FIU-IND as Reporting Entities under PMLA to comply with AML obligations, following a 2023 Supreme Court ruling lifting RBI's banking ban[UNVERIFIED: No primary source in results].
India maintains restrictive stances with high taxation and compliance burdens, though not a full ban like China; enfo...
India maintains restrictive stances with high taxation and compliance burdens, though not a full ban like China; enforcement via FIU-IND fines and PMLA actions5.
No dedicated regulatory body for crypto or Web3 activities exists, as digital assets are prohibited nationwide by the...
No dedicated regulatory body for crypto or Web3 activities exists, as digital assets are prohibited nationwide by the central bank.Central Bank of Afghanistan