The primary EU legal instrument governing travel rule requirements for crypto-assets is Regulation (EU) 2023/1113 on information accompanying transfers of funds and certain crypto-assets, which entered into force on 9 June 2023 and applies from 30 December 2024, obliging crypto-asset service providers (CASPs) to collect and transmit originator and beneficiary information for crypto-asset transfers. Regulation (EU) 2023/1113 - EUR-Lex

As an EU Member State, Regulation (EU) 2023/1113 applies directly in Slovakia without national transposition, meaning Slovak CASPs must comply with the travel rule requirements as of the mandatory application date. Regulation - 2023/1113 - EN - EUR-Lex - European Union

The new Regulation (EU) 2024/1624 on the prevention of the use of the financial system for money laundering or terrorist financing (AMLR) establishes consistent AML/CFT requirements for obliged entities across the EU, including CASPs, applicable from 10 July 2027. L_202401624EN.000101.fmx.xml - EUR-Lex

Directive (EU) 2024/1640, the sixth AML Directive, governs the mechanisms Member States, including Slovakia, must implement for AML/CFT prevention, including national registers and FIU powers, with transposition required by July 2027. L_202401624EN.000101.fmx.xml - EUR-Lex

Regulation (EU) 2024/1620 establishes AMLA, the European Authority for Anti-Money Laundering, based in Frankfurt, which began its oversight role on 1 July 2025 and has responsibility for direct supervision of high-risk financial institutions, including selected CASPs operating in multiple Member States such as Slovakia. Authority for Anti-Money Laundering and Countering the Financing of Terrorism | EUR-Lex

AMLA is responsible for strengthening the EU AML/CFT framework by monitoring money laundering risks, collecting information from supervisors, and issuing binding decisions to high-risk institutions, affecting crypto businesses operating in Slovakia. Regulation - EU - 2024/1620 - EN - AMLAR - EUR-Lex

The European Commission's 2024 Staff Working Document confirms that the revised EU framework, including the travel rule extension to crypto-assets, addresses shortcomings in the 2015 AML Directive by creating an EU single rulebook that applies directly in Slovakia. IMMC.SWD(2024)50 final.ENG.xhtml.1_EN_autre_document_travail_service_part1_v2.docx

Slovakia, as an EU Member State, follows the FATF recommendations on virtual assets through the EU implementation mechanisms, and the 2013 Commission impact assessment notes that EU anti-money laundering rules are based on international standards adopted by the FATF adapted to the EU context. EUR-Lex - 52013SC0021 - EN - EUR-Lex

The EU legislative package outlined in 2021, including the Travel Rule Regulation and the AMLR, was necessary because the previous AMLD4/AMLD5 framework produced fragmented implementation across Member States, which directly affects how Slovak authorities apply and enforce crypto travel rule requirements. IMMC.SWD(2024)50 final.ENG.xhtml.1_EN_autre_document_travail_service_part1_v2.docx

The Slovak Republic, as an EU member state, participates in the EU's common AML/CFT system where the Commission verifies Member State compliance with AMLD4 and AMLD5, and has committed to transposing all successive AML directives into national law. Slovakia - Justice and Home Affairs

Under Regulation (EU) 2023/1113, crypto-asset service providers (CASPs) in Slovakia are defined as legal persons offering professional crypto-asset services, and they are subject to the travel rule obligations requiring them to collect and transmit information on originators and beneficiaries. Regulation (EU) 2023/1113 - EUR-Lex

Regulation (EU) 2023/1113 requires CASPs to obtain and hold accurate information on the originator of a crypto-asset transfer, verify that information, and transmit it to the beneficiary CASP, without requiring a separate licensing threshold based on transfer amounts. Regulation (EU) 2023/1113 - EUR-Lex

The travel rule under Regulation (EU) 2023/1113 applies to all crypto-asset transfers above EUR 1,000, but for transfers below this threshold, CASPs must still verify the identity of the originator if the transfer involves multiple individual transactions that appear linked. Regulation (EU) 2023/1113 - EUR-Lex

The AMLD5 regime, transposed in Slovakia through national legislation, requires virtual currency exchange services and custodian wallet providers to be registered with the relevant national authority, with the registration process integrated with the trade licensing system administered by the Ministry of Interior. IMMC.SWD(2024)50 final.ENG.xhtml.1_EN_autre_document_travail_service_part1_v2.docx

Under the new AMLR, CASPs authorized in one EU Member State, including Slovakia, will be able to passport their services across the EU, and AMLA will select high-risk financial institutions with operations in at least six Member States for direct supervision, potentially affecting larger Slovak CASPs. Regulation - EU - 2024/1620 - EN - AMLAR - EUR-Lex

The Slovak Act implementing AMLD5 (Act No. 297/2008 Coll. on the prevention of money laundering, as amended) provides that virtual asset service providers must obtain a trade license and be registered with the Ministry of Interior's Financial Intelligence Unit, with no separate capital requirement mandated at the EU level. IMMC.SWD(2024)50 final.ENG.xhtml.1_EN_autre_document_travail_service_part1_v2.docx

As of the 2024 Commission report on AMLD implementation, Slovakia had notified the European Commission of its national measures transposing AMLD5, confirming that virtual asset service providers are included in the national obliged entity framework. IMMC.SWD(2024)50 final.ENG.xhtml.1_EN_autre_document_travail_service_part1_v2.docx

Slovakia has notified the Commission of its transposition of Directive (EU) 2015/849, including registration requirements for virtual currency exchange platforms and custodian wallet providers, making registration mandatory before such entities can legally operate in the country. IMMC.SWD(2024)50 final.ENG.xhtml.1_EN_autre_document_travail_service_part1_v2.docx

No specific national license type for CASPs beyond registration has been identified in the source materials, and the Commission's report does not specify whether any Slovak VASP has received explicit licensing or authorization under the national framework. IMMC.SWD(2024)50 final.ENG.xhtml.1_EN_autre_document_travail_service_part1_v2.docx

The 2013 Commission impact assessment on the EU AML framework notes that EU rules were adapted to fit the EU context and completed by national rules, meaning Slovak-specific licensing requirements are determined through national implementation of EU directives rather than through the EU regulations directly. EUR-Lex - 52013SC0021 - EN - EUR-Lex

The AMLR framework requires all CASPs to be authorized or registered in their home Member State, and where a CASP operates cross-border, it must either maintain a central contact point or comply with the host Member State's registration requirements. L_202401624EN.000101.fmx.xml - EUR-Lex

The AMLR imposes comprehensive customer due diligence (CDD) requirements on obliged entities, including CASPs, requiring them to identify and verify customers, understand the purpose of business relationships, and conduct ongoing monitoring of transactions. L_202401624EN.000101.fmx.xml - EUR-Lex

Enhanced due diligence (EDD) is mandated under the AMLR for high-risk customers, high-risk third countries, and complex or unusual transactions, with the AMLR allowing Member States the discretion to establish additional categories of low-risk customers for simplified due diligence. L_202401624EN.000101.fmx.xml - EUR-Lex

Under Regulation (EU) 2023/1113, CASPs must report suspicious transactions to the national Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU) in Slovakia, and the travel rule provisions require that incomplete or inaccurate originator/beneficiary information be treated as a risk factor in assessing suspicious activity. Regulation (EU) 2023/1113 - EUR-Lex

Record retention obligations under AMLD4/AMLD5, as reported by the Commission, require obliged entities including VASPs in Slovakia to retain transaction records and customer identification data for at least five years after the end of a business relationship. IMMC.SWD(2024)50 final.ENG.xhtml.1_EN_autre_document_travail_service_part1_v2.docx

Beneficial ownership identification is required for all legal entities under AMLD4/AMLD5, and the Commission's report notes that Slovakia has implemented the beneficial ownership register requirements and has received the necessary information for corporate entities and legal arrangements. IMMC.SWD(2024)50 final.ENG.xhtml.1_EN_autre_document_travail_service_part1_v2.docx

Political exposed persons (PEPs) are subject to mandatory EDD measures under the AMLR, including establishing the source of wealth and source of funds for transactions with PEPs, and this obligation applies to all obliged entities including CASPs in Slovakia. L_202401624EN.000101.fmx.xml - EUR-Lex

The Commission's 2014 implementation report notes that Slovakia, like other EU Member States, must ensure its national legislation does not hamper supervisory and investigative powers regarding AML/CFT information access, including for virtual currency-related activities. IMMC.SWD(2024)50 final.ENG.xhtml.1_EN_autre_document_travail_service_part1_v2.docx

The AMLR provides that all AML/CFT measures must apply proportionally based on a risk-based approach, and the Commission's report indicates that national competent authorities, including those in Slovakia, are required to conduct risk assessments and apply mitigating measures accordingly. L_202401624EN.000101.fmx.xml - EUR-Lex

The Commission's 2024 report on the implementation of Directive (EU) 2015/849 indicates that the Commission has initiated infringement proceedings against Member States, including potentially Slovakia, where transposition of AMLD4 and AMLD5 requirements was incomplete, though no specific Slovak enforcement case is named in the provided sources. IMMC.SWD(2024)50 final.ENG.xhtml.1_EN_autre_document_travail_service_part1_v2.docx

AMLA, upon its full operation, can apply administrative monetary sanctions and periodic penalty payments to selected high-risk obliged entities, and the Court of Justice of the European Union has the power to review, annul, reduce or increase such sanctions. Authority for Anti-Money Laundering and Countering the Financing of Terrorism | EUR-Lex

No specific Slovak enforcement actions, fines, or penalties against virtual asset service providers for travel rule violations are documented in the provided source texts, indicating that as of the sources' publication, no named enforcement cases have been made public for Slovakia specifically. IMMC.SWD(2024)50 final.ENG.xhtml.1_EN_autre_document_travail_service_part1_v2.docx

The primary implementation gap for the travel rule in Slovakia is the transition from Directive-based regimes (AMLD4/AMLD5) which require national transposition, to the new Regulation-based framework (AMLR and revised Transfer of Funds Regulation) which applies directly, creating a period where Slovak national law must be aligned with the new EU rules. IMMC.SWD(2024)50 final.ENG.xhtml.1_EN_autre_document_travail_service_part1_v2.docx

Fragmented national implementation of the AMLD4/AMLD5 framework, which the Commission identified as a structural weakness in the EU system, has resulted in reduced legal certainty for businesses operating across Member States, and this fragmentation directly impacts Slovak VASPs. EUR-Lex - 52013SC0021 - EN - EUR-Lex

Risks of the travel rule in Slovakia include technological and operational challenges in collecting and transmitting required information for crypto-asset transfers, particularly for decentralized or unhosted wallets that may not comply with Regulation (EU) 2023/1113 requirements. Regulation (EU) 2023/1113 - EUR-Lex

Supervision of CASPs in Slovakia is still developing, as AMLA will only directly supervise selected high-risk financial institutions operating in at least six Member States, leaving many smaller Slovak CASPs under national supervision by the Slovak FIU or other competent authorities. Authority for Anti-Money Laundering and Countering the Financing of Terrorism | EUR-Lex

The 2013 Commission impact assessment highlights that criminal exploitation of new technologies, including virtual currencies, has driven the demand for the travel rule extension to crypto-assets, and such emerging ML/TF risks continue to evolve faster than national implementation in Slovakia. EUR-Lex - 52013SC0021 - EN - EUR-Lex

The AMLR application date of July 2027 creates a risk that Slovak national authorities and VASPs will have an extended transitional period where compliance expectations are unclear, particularly regarding the interaction between Regulation (EU) 2023/1113 and the broader AMLR framework. L_202401624EN.000101.fmx.xml - EUR-Lex

EUR-Lex - 52013SC0021 - EN - EUR-Lex

Regulation - 2023/1113 - EN - EUR-Lex - European Union

Authority for Anti-Money Laundering and Countering the Financing of Terrorism | EUR-Lex

Regulation - EU - 2024/1620 - EN - AMLAR - EUR-Lex

Slovakia - Justice and Home Affairs