Serbia has not enacted a comprehensive, dedicated cryptocurrency or digital asset law as of 2025–2026, and no specific crypto-asset legislation or licensing regime exists. Serbia - United States Department of State

No regulatory body in Serbia has explicit statutory authority over virtual assets, and no licensing or registration obligations for crypto businesses exist. Serbia - Standards for Trade

No entities have been licensed to conduct cryptocurrency exchange, custody, or wallet services under any Serbian framework. Serbia - United States Department of State

Serbia's broader financial and investment regulatory framework is in place, but it does not specifically address digital assets; crypto activity exists in a legal gray area rather than under a defined authorization system. Serbia - State.gov

The practical reality for a crypto business in Serbia is that it must operate within general company, tax, and AML laws, but without a specialized license or dedicated digital asset regulator. Serbia - EUR-Lex - Europa.eu

The National Bank of Serbia is the central monetary authority in Serbia, but it has no virtual asset regulatory functions. Serbia - United States Department of State

The Securities Commission (Komisija za hartije od vrednosti) oversees capital markets, but it has no digital asset authority. Serbia - United States Department of State

The Ministry of Finance is designated as the competent authority to resolve appeals in expropriation matters, but it has no defined role in crypto regulation. Serbia - State.gov

Serbia has not adopted any law specifically governing cryptocurrency, virtual assets, or digital tokens. Serbia - EUR-Lex - Europa.eu

The primary general business regulation includes the Law on Investments, which extends national treatment to foreign investors and prohibits discriminatory practices. Serbia - United States Department of State

The Law on Foreign Exchange Operations regulates capital movements and restricts Serbian citizens from keeping accounts abroad except in exceptional cases, but it does not mention digital assets. Serbia - United States Department of State

The Law on Prevention of Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing requires companies to disclose their ultimate owner, but no crypto-specific provisions are cited. Serbia - United States Department of State

Serbia is not a member of the WTO and has not signed the WTO Investment Facilitation for Development Agreement, which affects trade-related regulatory alignment. Serbia - United States Department of State

Serbia's standards framework involves the Institute for Standardization of Serbia (ISS), but this body handles technical standards, not financial or crypto regulation. Serbia - Standards for Trade

The Accreditation Body of Serbia (ATS) is the sole authorized entity for accreditation matters and is unrelated to digital asset oversight. Serbia - Standards for Trade

Serbia's legal information system is maintained by the Public Enterprise "Official Gazette," which publishes legislation but does not indicate any dedicated crypto law in its registry. Serbia - EUR-Lex - Europa.eu

The OECD released a study in June 2024 on Western Balkans competitiveness with recommendations across 15 areas, including investment, but no crypto-related findings are mentioned. Serbia - United States Department of State

No licensing regime for cryptocurrency exchange services, digital asset custodians, or virtual asset service providers exists under Serbian law. Serbia - United States Department of State

No authority is responsible for issuing crypto licenses in Serbia. Serbia - Standards for Trade

Zero entities have been licensed as crypto exchanges, digital asset custodians, or virtual asset service providers in Serbia, because no licensing framework exists. Serbia - EUR-Lex - Europa.eu

Licenses are required in Serbia for specific business activities including finance, energy, mining, pharmaceuticals, medical devices, tobacco, military equipment, customs processing, land development, electronic communications, auditing, waste management, and hazardous chemicals — but not crypto. Serbia - United States Department of State

For foreign investment in the defense industry, Ministry of Defense approval is required, with a government decision within 120 days, but this is unrelated to crypto. Serbia - United States Department of State

The minimum capital requirement for a limited liability company in Serbia is RSD 100 (less than $1 USD), and RSD 3 million (approximately $27,700 USD) for a joint-stock company, but no capital thresholds exist for crypto businesses. Serbia - United States Department of State

Business registration is handled by the Business Registers Agency, which must respond within five working days, and online registration has been mandatory since 2023, but this process does not include any crypto-specific licensing step. Serbia - United States Department of State

There is no application process, timeline, or structural requirement for obtaining a crypto license in Serbia because no such license exists. Serbia - EUR-Lex - Europa.eu

Serbia's Law on Prevention of Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing requires companies to disclose their ultimate beneficial owner, which applies to all businesses including any operating with crypto. Serbia - United States Department of State

The AML law has caused some foreign companies to face difficulties opening bank accounts in Serbia because of the ultimate-owner disclosure requirement. Serbia - United States Department of State

No customer due diligence (CDD), enhanced due diligence (EDD), suspicious transaction reporting (STR), record retention, or PEP screening requirements specific to crypto exist. Serbia - Standards for Trade

It is not specified whether virtual asset service providers are subject to AML obligations under Serbian law. Serbia - EUR-Lex - Europa.eu

Serbia does not have a specific AML/KYC framework for crypto businesses beyond general corporate disclosure obligations. Serbia - United States Department of State

Companies registering with SBRA obtain a tax-registration number (PIB) and health-insurance number through a single-window process, which includes employee registration obligations, but no crypto-specific KYC measures. Serbia - United States Department of State

Labor inspectors can penalize employers for unregistered workers, but this is unrelated to crypto AML compliance. Serbia - United States Department of State

All trading in Serbia must go through licensed and regulated channels, and citizens cannot keep accounts abroad except in exceptional situations, which may indirectly affect crypto exchanges operating from abroad. Serbia - United States Department of State

No enforcement actions, penalties, fines, arrests, or cases related to cryptocurrency or digital assets are documented. Serbia - United States Department of State

OFAC sanctioned the majority Russia-owned petroleum and gas company NIS on January 10, 2025, but this is an oil and gas enforcement matter, not a crypto case. Serbia - United States Department of State

The October 2024 S&P credit rating upgrade for Serbia and the Novi Sad train station canopy collapse are not enforcement actions related to digital assets. Serbia - United States Department of State

The 2022 halting and subsequent 2024 restoration of the Rio Tinto lithium mine license involved mining regulations, not crypto enforcement. Serbia - United States Department of State

No tax guidance has been issued for virtual assets in Serbia. Serbia - EUR-Lex - Europa.eu

No income tax, capital gains tax, or VAT treatment for cryptocurrency transactions in Serbia is described. Serbia - United States Department of State

General corporate tax incentives exist in Serbia, including tax credits and reduced corporate tax rates, but these do not address digital assets specifically. Serbia - State.gov

Serbia has bilateral taxation treaties with 64 countries, but none of these are mentioned as covering crypto income. Serbia - United States Department of State

The Ministry of Economy maintains public registries of technical regulations, but tax authorities' treatment of virtual assets is not described. Serbia - Standards for Trade

The most significant gap is the complete absence of a dedicated legal framework for cryptocurrency and digital assets in Serbia. Serbia - EUR-Lex - Europa.eu

Without a licensing regime, crypto businesses cannot obtain formal authorization, creating compliance uncertainty and potential exposure to unlicensed activity allegations under general financial laws. Serbia - Standards for Trade

The lack of tax guidance for virtual assets creates risks of unexpected tax liabilities or double taxation for crypto businesses and individuals. Serbia - State.gov

Bureaucracy, corruption, an inefficient judiciary, and a large informal sector pose general business risks in Serbia that would also affect crypto enterprises. Serbia - United States Department of State

Banks in Serbia may refuse to open accounts for companies due to the ultimate beneficial owner disclosure requirement under the AML law, which could hinder crypto startups that need banking services. Serbia - United States Department of State

Serbia's non-membership in the WTO means it has not aligned with international trade facilitation standards that might otherwise influence crypto regulation development. Serbia - United States Department of State

The requirement that all trading go through licensed and regulated channels may be interpreted to restrict peer-to-peer crypto trading, but the scope of this restriction is unclear for digital assets. Serbia - State.gov

Political influence and regulatory unpredictability, exemplified by the lithium mine reversal and restoration, indicate that any future crypto framework could be subject to abrupt changes. Serbia - United States Department of State

The absence of Mutual Recognition Agreements with other countries for conformity assessment may affect tech products used in crypto operations, though this is a standards issue not crypto-specific. Serbia - Standards for Trade

Serbia - United States Department of State