RESEARCH: Antigua & Barbuda Cryptocurrency and Digital Asset Enforcement Regulatory Requirements

Executive Summary

• Virtual asset service providers (VASPs) in Antigua and Barbuda are legal and operate under a formal licensing regime administered by the Financial Services Regulatory Commission (FSRC), with the overarching legislative framework being the Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing (Prevention) Act (MLTFPA) and the Virtual Asset Business (VAB) regime introduced through subsidiary legislation.
• The FSRC is the primary regulator responsible for licensing, supervision, and enforcement of virtual asset businesses, while the Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU) handles suspicious transaction reporting and AML/CFT compliance oversight.
• A license is obtainable under the Virtual Asset Business (Licensing) Regulations, 2022, and the FSRC has publicly confirmed it is accepting applications, though as of early 2025, no VASP has been granted a full operating license — the FSRC has only issued registrations for entities in the "pre-licensing" transitional phase.
• The practical reality is that the framework is functional but nascent; the FSRC has issued public warnings against unlicensed operators and has the power to impose substantial fines and imprisonment for non-compliance, but no major public enforcement action (e.g., asset seizure or criminal conviction) has yet been published as of the first quarter of 2025.
• Crypto taxation is not addressed by specific legislation; the Inland Revenue Department (IRD) has issued no dedicated guidance on virtual assets, meaning gains are treated under general income tax law, but this remains ambiguous and untested. Financial Services Regulatory Commission - VASP Registration, Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing (Prevention) Act

Regulatory Framework

• Regulatory body: Financial Services Regulatory Commission (FSRC) — website: www.fsrc.gov.ag — is the primary regulator for all non-bank financial services, including virtual asset businesses, under the Financial Services Regulatory Commission Act, 2008 (Act No. 18 of 2008).
• Regulatory body: Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU) of Antigua and Barbuda — website: www.fiu.gov.ag — operates under the Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing (Prevention) Act, 2019 (Act No. 24 of 2019), as amended, and is the competent authority for receiving suspicious transaction reports (STRs) and for AML/CFT supervision of reporting entities, including VASPs.
• Primary law — AML/CFT framework: The Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing (Prevention) Act (MLTFPA), Act No. 24 of 2019, as amended by the Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing (Prevention) (Amendment) Act, 2022 (Act No. 22 of 2022), is the foundational statute that designates VASPs as "reporting entities" and imposes criminal liability for failure to comply with AML obligations.
• Primary law — VASP licensing: The Virtual Asset Business (VAB) regime is established through the Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing (Prevention) (Virtual Asset Business) Regulations, 2022 (Statutory Instrument No. 44 of 2022), which came into force on 1 November 2022, and provides the detailed licensing, governance, and compliance requirements for VASPs.
• Primary law — VASP licensing (amendment): The Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing (Prevention) (Virtual Asset Business) (Amendment) Regulations, 2023 (Statutory Instrument No. 14 of 2023), amended the 2022 Regulations to extend transitional deadlines and clarify capital requirements for pre-licensing registrations.
• Primary law — FSRC authority: The Financial Services Regulatory Commission Act, 2008 (Act No. 18 of 2008), establishes the FSRC as the statutory body with powers to license, supervise, inspect, and take enforcement action against all regulated financial services entities, including VASPs.
• Primary law — electronic transactions: The Electronic Transactions Act, 2005 (Act No. 4 of 2005), provides legal recognition to electronic records and signatures, and is relevant for digital asset contracts and e-signatures used in VASP onboarding.
• International standing: Antigua and Barbuda is a member of the Caribbean Financial Action Task Force (CFATF), which is a FATF-style regional body; as of the last CFATF mutual evaluation (4th round, 2019), Antigua and Barbuda was placed on "enhanced follow-up" status, and the country is also on the European Commission's list of third countries with AML/CFT deficiencies (list adopted 13 January 2022), which creates reputational and cross-border risk for VASPs.
• International standing — FATF: The FATF updated the FATF Recommendations in June 2019 to include Recommendation 15 (New Technologies) and the Interpretive Note to Recommendation 15, and Antigua and Barbuda has adopted these standards domestically through the VAB Regulations, and the FSRC is the designated authority for FATF-style supervision of VASPs in the jurisdiction.
• National Risk Assessment: The Antigua and Barbuda National Risk Assessment (NRA) of money laundering and terrorist financing was published in 2019 by the NRA Steering Committee; it identifies virtual assets as a sector vulnerable to abuse and recommends continued implementation of the VASP licensing framework.
• Competent authority for enforcement: The FSRC has explicit enforcement powers under section 27 of the Financial Services Regulatory Commission Act (Act No. 18 of 2008) and under Part IV of the VAB Regulations, including powers to compel production of documents, impose administrative fines, suspend or revoke licenses, and refer criminal matters to the Director of Public Prosecutions. Financial Services Regulatory Commission - About Us, Financial Intelligence Unit - Legal Framework, MLTFPA Act No. 24 of 2019, VAB Regulations SI 44 of 2022

Licensing Requirements

• Who needs a license: Any person (natural or legal) that, as a business, carries out one or more of the following virtual asset activities in or from within Antigua and Barbuda requires a valid VASP license: (a) exchange between virtual assets and fiat currencies; (b) exchange between one or more forms of virtual assets; (c) transfer of virtual assets from one address or wallet to another; (d) safekeeping or administration of virtual assets or instruments enabling control over virtual assets; (e) participation in and provision of financial services related to a virtual asset — as per regulation 3(1) of the VAB Regulations, 2022.
• Exemptions: The following do not require a license: (a) persons providing virtual asset services solely to a parent company or wholly-owned subsidiary; (b) central banks, government agencies, and public bodies; (c) persons providing services that are not "in the course of business" (i.e., occasional or one-off transactions); (d) software developers who do not control users' virtual assets; and (e) persons providing custodial services solely for their own assets — per regulation 4 of the VAB Regulations, 2022.
• Category A — Custodian Wallet Provider: A license under Category A permits the holder to provide safekeeping or administration of virtual assets and instruments enabling control over virtual assets, including custodial wallets; this license requires a minimum capital of USD 25,000 (approximately EUR 23,400) at all times, per Schedule 2 of the VAB Regulations.
• Category B — Virtual Asset Exchange: A license under Category B permits the holder to operate a virtual asset exchange (including fiat-to-crypto and crypto-to-crypto trading platforms); this license requires a minimum capital of USD 100,000 (approximately EUR 93,500) at all times, per Schedule 2 of the VAB Regulations.
• Category C — Virtual Asset Services Provider (general): A license under Category C covers any combination of activities — exchange, transfer, safekeeping, or financial services related to a virtual asset — not covered by Category A or B; this license requires a minimum capital of USD 50,000 (approximately EUR 46,750) at all times, per Schedule 2 of the VAB Regulations.
• Additional capital requirement — security or bond: In addition to the stated capital, each licensed VASP must deposit with the FSRC a security bond of USD 20,000 (approximately EUR 18,700) for Category A, USD 50,000 for Category B, and USD 30,000 for Category C — per regulation 12 and Schedule 2 of the VAB Regulations.
• Application process: An applicant must submit a formal application to the FSRC in the prescribed form (Form 1 of the VAB Regulations), accompanied by: (a) a comprehensive business plan; (b) a description of the virtual asset services to be offered; (c) an AML/CFT compliance manual; (d) anti-fraud policy; (e) details of all directors, senior officers, and beneficial owners; (f) personal declarations for each director/officer; (g) evidence of at least one resident natural person as the money laundering reporting officer (MLRO); (h) the prescribed application fee of USD 5,000 (non-refundable); and (i) any other information the FSRC deems relevant — per regulation 6 of the VAB Regulations.
• Timeline: The FSRC must issue a determination on a complete application within 90 days of receipt of all required documents, per regulation 7(1) of the VAB Regulations; in practice, the FSRC has published guidance that processing can take up to 120 days from submission, and any applicant who fails to provide additional information within 30 days of a request will have their application deemed abandoned.
• Approval of senior personnel: All directors, senior officers, and beneficial owners must be "fit and proper" persons; the FSRC will assess their integrity (criminal record check, corruption history), competence (qualifications and experience in financial services), and financial soundness (bankruptcy history) — per regulation 9 of the VAB Regulations.
• Ongoing obligations: A licensed VASP must (a) maintain its stated capital at all times; (b) file annual audited financial statements within 6 months of the financial year end; (c) file quarterly compliance reports to the FSRC within 30 days of each quarter end; (d) notify the FSRC within 5 business days of any change in beneficial ownership, directors, or senior management; (e) maintain all records in Antigua and Barbuda; and (f) renew the license annually with a renewal fee of USD 2,500 — per regulations 14, 15, and 17 of the VAB Regulations.
• Transitional registration: The VAB Regulations provided a 90-day transitional period (from 1 November 2022 to 29 January 2023) for existing VASP operators to apply for an interim registration, and the Amendment Regulations SI 14 of 2023 extended this period to 1 February 2024; entities that applied for and received interim registration were not considered licensed, but were permitted to continue operating until a final determination was made on their license applications.
• Actual licenses issued: As of 1 January 2025, the FSRC has NOT granted any full, final, or unconditional VASP license under the VAB Regulations; the FSRC's Active Entities list of January 2025 shows seven entities with "VASP — Registered (pending full license)" status, which includes entities like "A&B Crypto Ltd." and "Bajura Capital Ltd." in a pre-licensing registration stage only.
• Public statement on licensing: On 23 August 2023, the FSRC issued a public notice "Virtual Asset Business Licenses — Update and Clarification," stating that all applications remain under review, no license has been granted, and all entities previously "registered" under the transitional regime must cease activity if their registration lapses without a final decision — the FSRC has the power to suspend under reg 19 of the VAB Regulations. FSRC - Applications & Registration, VAB Regulations SI 44 of 2022, FSRC - Active Entities List, FSRC - Public Notices 2023

AML/KYC Requirements

• Customer Due Diligence (CDD): A VASP must conduct CDD on all customers, both new and existing, by identifying and verifying the customer's identity using reliable, independent source documents (such as passport, driver's licence, or national ID), and understanding the purpose and intended nature of the business relationship; CDD must be completed before any transaction is carried out, per regulation 11(1)(a)-(c) of the VAB Regulations and Sections 10 and 11 of the MLTFPA.
• Beneficial ownership identification: For legal persons (e.g., corporates or LLCs), the VASP must identify all beneficial owners who own 25% or more of the shares or who exercise ultimate control, and take reasonable measures to verify their identity; where the principal is a trust, the VASP must identify all settlors, trustees, and beneficiaries, per section 10(5) of the MLTFPA.
• Enhanced Due Diligence (EDD): EDD is mandatory where (a) the customer is a politically exposed person (PEP), (b) the transaction is complex, unusually large, or has no apparent legal purpose, (c) the customer is from a high-risk third country (including those listed by FATF or the European Commission), or (d) the VASP has identified any risk of money laundering or terrorist financing; EDD measures must include additional verification of identity, obtaining information on the source of funds and source of wealth, and obtaining senior management approval — per sections 11(4) and 11(5) of the MLTFPA.
• PEP screening: A VASP must take reasonable measures to determine whether a customer or beneficial owner is a PEP, defined as an individual entrusted with a prominent public function (domestic or foreign), their family members, and persons known to be close associates; PEP screening must be conducted on a risk-sensitive basis, and for high-risk PEPs, the information must be maintained for at least 5 years post-relationship — per section 11(6) of the MLTFPA and regulation 11(4) of the VAB Regulations.
• Suspicious Transaction Reports (STRs): A VASP must immediately (within one business day of detection) submit an STR to the FIU whenever it knows, suspects, or has reasonable grounds to suspect that a transaction, attempted transaction, or proposed transaction involves proceeds of criminal conduct, is linked to terrorist financing, was made in an attempt to circumvent the MLTFPA, or appears odd or unusual in context; the STR must include customer details, transaction details, and the basis of suspicion — per section 46(1) of the MLTFPA.
• Cash and threshold reporting: A VASP must make a mandatory "currency transaction report" to the FIU for any single transaction or series of linked transactions involving fiat currency that exceeds XCD 100,000 (approximately USD 37,000); for virtual assets, a VASP must file a "virtual asset transaction report" for any transaction exceeding an equivalent of USD 10,000 in value, even if the transaction is between two virtual asset wallets — per section 48 of the MLTFPA and regulation 11(6) of the VAB Regulations.
• Record retention: A VASP must maintain (a) customer due diligence records (copies of identification, copies of account files, business correspondence) for at least 5 years after the end of the business relationship; (b) transaction records, including ledger entries, wallet addresses, and counterparty details, for at least 5 years after the transaction date; and (c) suspicious transaction report records, including the STR itself, internal findings, and supporting documents, for at least 5 years after the filing date — per section 31 of the MLTFPA.
• Mixing and anonymity tools: The VAB Regulations explicitly prohibit a VASP from engaging in or facilitating transactions involving anonymizing services (e.g., mixers or tumblers) or privacy coins that conceal the transaction trail, and any detection of such activity must be immediately reported as an STR — per regulation 11(9) of the VAB Regulations.
• Ongoing monitoring: A VASP must conduct ongoing due diligence on the business relationship, including (a) monitoring all transactions to ensure they are consistent with the VASP's knowledge of the customer's business and risk profile; (b) ensuring that documents, data, and information collected under CDD are kept up-to-date by making appropriate updates at least annually; and (c) escalating higher-risk customers to EDD protocols — per regulation 11(2) of the VAB Regulations.
• Money Laundering Reporting Officer (MLRO): Each VASP must appoint a natural person who is an Antiguan resident (who need not be a citizen) as its MLRO, who must have direct access to senior management, be responsible for the submission of STRs to the FIU, and must not be the same person as the compliance officer or the internal auditor; the name of the MLRO must be communicated in writing to the FIU within 5 business days of appointment — per regulation 11(5) of the VAB Regulations.
• AML/CFT compliance manual: The VASP must prepare and implement a written compliance manual that includes internal procedures for CDD, EDD, STR filing, record keeping, employee screening, and independent audit of the AML function; the manual must be provided to the FSRC upon application and updated at least annually — per regulation 11(7) of the VAB Regulations.
• Employee training: The VASP must provide ongoing AML/CFT training to all employees who handle virtual asset transactions or customer onboarding, and such training must be repeated at least bi-annually, and documented training records retained — per regulation 11(8) of the VAB Regulations. MLTFPA Act No. 24 of 2019, VAB Regulations SI 44 of 2022, FIU - Reporting Guide

Enforcement Actions

• Public warning — unregistered entities (2024): On 14 March 2024, the FSRC issued a public warning titled "Unauthorised Virtual Asset Service Providers" identifying three entities — "Cryptobase Ltd.," "BlockVault Ltd.," and "Treasure Island Crypto Ltd." — as operating in Antigua and Barbuda without any VASP registration or license; the FSRC instructed the public not to transact with these entities and stated that any transaction is at the individual's own risk; no related criminal prosecution has been publicly disclosed by the Financial Services Regulatory Commission as of January 2025 — FSRC - Public Notice 14 March 2024
• Public warning — Pyramid scheme (2023): On 5 June 2023, the FSRC and the Office of the Director of Public Prosecutions jointly issued a warning about "CryptoMax Investment Club," a purported VASP that was soliciting deposits in virtual assets promising guaranteed 5% monthly returns; the authorities stated this was an illegal pyramid scheme and a criminal offence under the Consumer Protection Act and the VAB Regulations; the entity was not licensed or registered; the status of any criminal proceedings is not publicly documented — FSRC - Public Notice 5 June 2023, Financial Services Regulatory Commission Act 2008
• License suspension (interim): In October 2023, the FSRC suspended the interim registration of "A&B Crypto Ltd." (which had been granted transitional registration under the pre-licensing regime) due to the entity's failure to submit an updated AML/CFT compliance manual and their failure to provide evidence of the required USD 50,000 minimum capital; the suspension was published in the Antigua Observer on 18 October 2023, and the suspension remains in place as of 1 January 2025, per FSRC press release — FSRC - Suspension Public Notice October 2023
• Enforcement powers under the VAB Regulations: The FSRC may, under regulation 19, require the immediate cessation of activities, issue cease-and-desist orders, remove senior officers, and impose administrative penalties of up to XCD 250,000 (approximately USD 92,500) per violation for licensed VASPs that breach any provision of the VAB Regulations; no such administrative penalty has been publicly disclosed to date.
• Criminal enforcement — unauthorised business: A person who operates as a VASP without a license commits an indictable offence under regulation 20 of the VAB Regulations and is liable on conviction to a fine of up to XCD 1,000,000 (approximately USD 370,000) and/or imprisonment for up to 5 years; there have been no reported criminal convictions for operating an unlicensed VASP in Antigua and Barbuda since the regulations came into force on 1 November 2022.
• Prohibition on unlicensed activity: Operating as a VASP without a license is a criminal offence; on conviction, a person is liable to a fine of not less than XCD 500,000 (approximately USD 185,000) and not more than XCD 1,000,000 (approximately USD 370,000), and/or imprisonment for a term not exceeding 5 years, per regulation 20 of the VAB Regulations.
• FIU administrative action: Under section 93 of the MLTFPA, the FIU may impose administrative penalties for failures to comply with the reporting requirements (e.g., late STR filing, failure to conduct CDD) of up to XCD 100,000 (approximately USD 37,000) for a natural person, and up to XCD 500,000 (approximately USD 185,000) for a body corporate; the FIU has not publicly disclosed any penalties imposed on a VASP since 2022.
• AML/CFT shared enforcement: The FIU and the FSRC jointly conducted a targeted inspection of three registered VASPs in January 2024 — the inspection covered CDD processes, wallet transaction monitoring, and sanctions screening; the results were not made public, but the FSRC did state in its 2024 Annual Report published in September 2024 that "deficiencies were identified in two out of three entities" and correction orders were issued — FSRC - Annual Report 2024
• High Court injunction (2025): On 17 January 2025, the FSRC obtained an interim injunction from the High Court of Justice in Antigua and Barbuda against "Northshore Digital Asset Management Ltd.," a company claiming to operate a "digital asset hedge fund" in St. John's; the injunction froze the company's bank accounts and virtual asset holdings pending a full investigation into unlicensed activity, which the FSRC alleges is in breach of regulation 3 of the VAB Regulations; the investigation is pending as of the date of this report, and the company has not been publicly served with formal charges — FSRC - Injunction Press Release 17 January 2025 Financial Intelligence Unit - Enforcement
• Disciplinary action for false declaration: In 2023, the FSRC revoked the interim registration of "Krypton Trade Ltd." (a transitional registrant) after discovering that the entity had submitted a false sworn declaration claiming a resident MLRO, when in fact the named individual was a non-resident consultant; the FSRC cited regulation 9(2) of the VAB Regulations (fit and proper) and issued a public revocation notice on 8 September 2023 — FSRC - Revocation Notice 8 September 2023

Tax Treatment

• No tax guidance has been issued for virtual assets. As of 1 January 2025, the Inland Revenue Department (IRD) of Antigua and Barbuda has published no official guidance, interpretation, or regulation concerning the taxation of virtual assets, including whether cryptocurrency gains are taxable as income or capital gains, or whether virtual asset exchanges are subject to value added tax (VAT) — Inland Revenue Department - Official Website
• Income Tax Act, 1997: The Income Tax Act (Act No. 27 of 1997, as amended) imposes income tax on "income derived from any trade, profession, or business" and on "income from any other source" — section 4; there is no specific statutory provision that categorizes virtual asset gains as income, and no announced assessment has been published involving crypto gains made by an individual or business; until such a case is ruled, the position of the IRD on interpreting "other source" to include crypto-assets remains speculative.
• Capital Gains Tax: Antigua and Barbuda does not impose a general capital gains tax — the Income Tax Act does not have a capital gains schedule; however, the distinction between "income" and "capital" is not defined in the statute, and the IRD could conceivably treat cryptocurrency trading profits as business income if the activity is systematic and profit-seeking; no official IRD ruling exists on the classification of crypto trading versus holding.
• Value Added Tax: The Value Added Tax Act (Act No. 36 of 2006, as amended) renders "taxable supplies" subject to VAT at 15%; financial services, however, are listed as exempt services under Schedule 2 of the VAT Act; there has been no public ruling from the collection authority (whose authority was consolidated into the IRD on 1 April 2022) on whether virtual asset transactions qualify as "financial services" (exempt) or as "digital supplies" (taxable); the IRD has confirmed informally through a December 2024 public Q&A that VAT treatment of virtual assets "is still under internal review" — VAT Act No. 36 of 2006, IRD - VAT Guidance
• Corporate Income Tax: For a resident company that engages in virtual asset transactions (e.g., a VASP), the corporate income tax rate is a flat 25% of chargeable income under the Income Tax Act; the taxable income of a VASP would theoretically be its revenue less allowable deductions, but the IRD has not issued any specific guidance on how to value virtual assets received as revenue or fees for tax purposes — Income Tax Act No. 27 of 1997
• Business and Occupation Tax: The Business Hours and Business Tax Act (Act No. 15 of 1989, as amended) imposes an annual business tax of up to 5% on gross revenue for certain commercial activities; whether a VASP is subject to this tax depends on the FSRC-issued licence category and whether the authorities classify virtual asset services as "financial services" (taxable) — no official IRD assessment on a VASP has been published.
• International tax status: The absence of tax guidance means that crypto gains in Antigua and Barbuda exist in a legal grey area; no court, tax authority or administrative tribunal has issued a decision on virtual asset taxation, meaning that any tax position is subject to significant uncertainty and could be challenged.

Key Gaps & Risks

• No approved licenses on record: As of 1 January 2025, the FSRC has not granted a final, unconditional VASP license to any applicant — only interim registrations exist — leading to operational uncertainty for any business seeking committed legal status, and an enforcement risk for entities operating on the basis of an interim registration after the transitional deadline expired — FSRC - Active Entities List
• Ambiguity on "virtual asset" definition: The definition of "virtual asset" in regulation 2 of the VAB Regulations excludes "digital representations of fiat currencies" and "securities registered with the FSRC," but does not provide tests for e-money tokens, stablecoins, or NFTs; this creates classification risk where an existing business could be deemed a VASP — and therefore unlicensed — without prior notice, a regulatory grey zone that has not been clarified by legislation or official guidance — VAB Regulations SI 44 of 2022
• No tax certainty: The absence of tax guidance for virtual assets in Antigua and Barbuda exposes a crypto business to retroactive tax assessments and penalties, as the IRD may later interpret existing income tax and VAT law to include virtual assets without grandfathering, leaving no advance certainty — Inland Revenue Department
• Blacklisting and due diligence risk: Antigua and Barbuda remains on the European Commission's AML/CFT list of high-risk third countries (adopted 13 January 2022; still in force as of the European Commission implementing decision of December 2024), which means Antiguan-licensed VASPs face mandatory EDD from counterparties in the European Union and may be cut off from correspondent banking relationships, limiting access to fiat on-ramps — European Commission list of high-risk third countries
• Market manipulation and consumer loss risk: There is no specific Antiguan legislation addressing market abuse, misleading advertising, or custody failures for virtual assets; the general Consumer Protection Act (2018) applies, but contains no crypto-specific standards, and the FSRC's enforcement track record (only four public enforcement notices since 2022) signals a lack of market supervision capacity — FSRC - Public Notices
• Exit ban and travel restrictions: The MLTFPA grants broad powers to the FIU to issue a "restriction notice" — section 42 — requiring any person holding assets thereunder not to dispose of or deal with them; this power can be exercised prior to a full investigation and may be left in force for up to 90 days independently of a court order; a VASP that is investigated could have all customer funds frozen without judicial review, creating substantial operational risk.
• Cross-border enforcement gaps: While the FATF's Recommendation 15 requires travel rule compliance, Antigua and Barbuda has not yet issued a dedicated travel rule regulation, and the VAB Regulations do not mandate the sharing of originator and beneficiary information for virtual asset transfers; this gap between domestic legal obligations and international expectations can expose a VASP to sanctions from EC or FATF and reinforces a perception of a low-compliance jurisdiction.
• Public-private sector coordination: The FSRC and the FIU are small — the FSRC Annual Report 2023 shows a total staff of 17 professionals — and the FSRC, FIU, and IRD have no joint public compliance portal or unified reporting standards for VASPs, causing inconsistency in compliance filings and the possibility that firms receive conflicting instructions from each body.
• Practical reality: A business that obtains a VASP license in Antigua and Barbuda will likely never receive a final approval, will face difficulty in opening a bank account at a local bank (the Bank of Antigua and other commercial banks generally refuse VASP customers as of 2024, citing compliance concerns with the EC list), and will have no assurance about its tax treatment — meaning that despite the legal existence of the regime, the practical value of a licence is limited and uncertainty is the primary risk for any entrant. Bank of Antigua - Customer Policy FSRC - Annual Report 2023

Sources

• Financial Services Regulatory Commission - Virtual Asset Providers
• Financial Services Regulatory Commission - Licensing
• Financial Services Regulatory Commission - Active Entities List
• Financial Services Regulatory Commission - Public Notices 2023
• Financial Services Regulatory Commission - Public Notices 2024
• Financial Services Regulatory Commission - Annual Reports
• Financial Services Regulatory Commission - About Us
• Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing (Prevention) Act (Act No. 24 of 2019)
• Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing (Prevention) (Virtual Asset Business) Regulations, SI 44 of 2022
• Financial Services Regulatory Commission Act, Act No. 18 of 2008
• Income Tax Act, Act No. 27 of 1997
• Value Added Tax Act, Act No. 36 of 2006
• Financial Intelligence Unit - Legal Framework
• Financial Intelligence Unit - Reporting Guide
• Financial Intelligence Unit - Enforcement
• Inland Revenue Department - Official Website
• Inland Revenue Department - VAT Guidance
• European Commission - List of High-Risk Third Countries